Shielded metal arc welding

About: Shielded metal arc welding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4462 publications have been published within this topic receiving 40560 citations. The topic is also known as: manual metal arc welding & flux shielded arc welding.

Study of the Performance of Stainless Steel A-TIG Welds

Abstract: The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effect of oxide fluxes on weld morphology, arc voltage, mechanical properties, angular distortion and hot cracking susceptibility obtained with TIG welding, which applied to the welding of 5 mm thick austenitic stainless steel plates. A novel variant of the autogenous TIG welding process, oxide powders (Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and CaO) was applied on a type 304 stainless steel through a thin layer of the flux to produce a bead on plate welds. The experimental results indicated that the increase in the penetration is significant with the use of Cr2O3, TiO2, and SiO2. A-TIG welding can increase the weld depth to bead-width ratio, and tends to reduce the angular distortion of the weldment. It was also found that A-TIG welding can increase the retained delta-ferrite content of stainless steel 304 welds and, in consequence, the hot-cracking susceptibility of as-welded is reduced. Physically constricting the plasma column and reducing the anode spot are the possible mechanism for the effect of certain flux on A-TIG penetration.

A theoretical model for gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding. I.

Abstract: A recently developed theory for predicting arc and electrode properties in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) has been generalized to include arc–electrode interfaces, variation of surface tension pressure with temperature, Marangoni forces and handling of weld pool development in stationary gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The new theory is a unified treatment of the arc, the anode, and the cathode, and includes a detailed account of sheath effects near the electrodes. The electrodes are included as dynamic entities and the volume of fluid method is used to handle the movement of the free surface of the molten metal at one electrode. Predictions can be made of the formation and shape of the welding droplets as a function of time in GMAW and also of weld pool development in GTAW, accounting for effects of surface tension, inertia, gravity, arc pressure, viscous drag force of the plasma, Marangoni effect and magnetic forces, and also for wire feed rate in GMAW. Calculations are made of current densities, electric potential, temperatures, pressures and velocities in two dimensions, both in the arc and also within the molten metal and solid electrodes. Calculations are presented for GMAW and GTAW for an arc in argon and the results are compared with experimental temperature measurements for the plasma and the electrodes.

Effects of torch configuration and welding current on weld bead formation in high speed tandem pulsed gas metal arc welding of steel sheets

Abstract: Undercut and humping bead are the common defects that limit the maximum welding speed of tandem pulsed gas metal arc (GMA) welding. In order to increase the maximum welding speed, effects of the inclination angle, interwire distance and welding current ratio between the leading wire and trailing wire on bead formation in high speed welding are investigated. The undercut and humping bead is attributed to the irregular flow of molten metal towards the rear part of the weld pool. This irregular flow can be prevented by the trailing wire with a push angle from 5° to 13° , which provides an appropriate component of arc force in the welding direction. The irregular flow is also related to the distance between the leading wire and the trailing wire, and the flow becomes regular when the distance is in the range 9–12 mm. Moreover, the stabilisation of the bulge of the weld pool between the two wires, the presence of enough molten metal below the trailing arc, and the reduced velocity of molten metal flow ...