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Shoot

About: Shoot is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32188 publications have been published within this topic receiving 693348 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The CO 2 respired by leaves is 13 C-enriched relative to leaf biomass and putative respiratory substrates, but how this relates to the 13 C content of root, or whole plant respiratory CO 2 is unknown.
Abstract: The CO 2 respired by leaves is 13 C-enriched relative to leaf biomass and putative respiratory substrates (Ghashghaie et al ., Phytochemistry Reviews 2, 145‐161, 2003), but how this relates to the 13 C content of root, or whole plant respiratory CO 2 is unknown. The C isotope composition of respiratory CO 2 ( d d d R ) from shoots and roots of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), and perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) growing in a range of conditions was analysed. In all instances plants were grown in controlled environments with CO 2 of constant concentration and d d d 13 C. Respiration of roots and shoots of individual plants was measured with an open CO 2 exchange system interfaced with a mass spectrometer. Respiratory CO 2 from shoots was always 13 C-enriched relative to that 13 Cdepleted relative to root biomass. The d d d -difference between shoot and root respiratory CO 2 was variable, and negatively correlated with the d -difference between shoot and root biomass ( r 2 = 0.52, P = 0.023), suggesting isotope effects during biosynthesis. 13 C discrimination in respiration ( R ) of

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicated that shoots established at 100% regardless of media type, however, shoot height, nodes per shoot, and leaf number were highest for explants established on MS medium compared to NN or B5.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It would seem that the first report on in vitro flower induction in transgenic apple is reported, and most of them appeared to be morphologically normal.
Abstract: To shorten the juvenile stage of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) the BpMADS4 gene from silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) was constitutively overexpressed in 25 transgenic apple clones. All clones were characterized by PCR, RT-PCR and Real Time PCR. Solitary flowers were produced on in vitro shoots of eight transgenic clones and most of them appeared to be morphologically normal. Twenty shoots of each clone were rooted and transferred to a glasshouse. Glasshouse plants of clones T1165, T1187 and T1190 developed flowers. Several plants of T1165 and T1187 started floral initiation within 3-4 months following transfer to the glasshouse. Primary flowers were solitary and in a terminal position on the main shoot. Lateral flower clusters, consisting of three to five individual flowers, were also found. Pollen vitality and tube germination of glasshouse-grown flowers were investigated, and there were no significant differences compared to pollen of non-transgenic control plants. Preliminary crosses using flowers of glasshouse plants resulted in small apple fruits. It would seem that this is the first report on in vitro flower induction in transgenic apple.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Repeated subculturing through five cycles of nodes and leaves of shoot cultures enabled continuous production of healthy callus-free shoots without any sign of decline, and 90% of the rooted plants were established in polybags after hardening.
Abstract: Rapid clonal multiplication of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae), a medicinal tree, was achieved by enhanced axillary bud proliferation in young single-node segments of a 25-year-old tree cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium. Bud break was dependent on cytokinin supply, but the synergistic combination of 2.5 mg l–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg l–1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced the formation of 12.1 shoots of up to 5.2 cm length in 48% of the explants after 7 weeks of culture. Explants of in-vitro-grown shoots – node, whole leaf, shoot tip and internode – were subcultured in the presence of 0.05–2.5 mg l–1 BAP to produce 11.3, 18.4, 5.3 and 3.2 shoots and shoot buds at a 100%, 70%, 95% and 40% rate respectively, in 7 weeks. Different shoot nodes and leaves were equally regenerative and adventitious organogenesis in the latter was confined to cut petiolar ends. Nodal explants responded most favourably at low BAP (0.05–0.1 mg l–1) and produced uniform (3.8–5.3 cm) shoots facilitating their simultaneous harvest for rooting. Repeated subculturing through five cycles of nodes and leaves of shoot cultures enabled continuous production of healthy callus-free shoots without any sign of decline. Shoot cuttings (3.0–5.2 cm) were best rooted in half-strength MS medium with 0.5 mg l–1 IAA (70%) or 10.0 mg l–1 indole-3-butyric acid (90%). Eighty-eight percent of the rooted plants were established in polybags after hardening.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that durum wheat was more sensitive to both Zn deficiency and Cd toxicity as compared to bread wheat, compatible with the hypothesis that Zn protects plants from Cdoxicity by improving plant defense against Cd-induced oxidative stress and by competing with Cd for binding to critical cell constituents.

144 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20232,131
20224,637
2021953
20201,041
20191,064