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Shoot

About: Shoot is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32188 publications have been published within this topic receiving 693348 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, protein changes induced by salinity stress were investigated in two barley cultivars, California Mariout, a salt-tolerant variety and Prato, a salinity sensitive variety.
Abstract: Protein changes induced by salinity stress were investigated in two barley cultivars, California Mariout, a salt-tolerant variety and Prato, a salt-sensitive variety. Rapidly growing young barley seedlings were exposed to NaCl and the newly synthesized proteins were resolved on two dimensional polyacrylamide gels following isoelectric focusing or nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis in the first dimension. Salinity induces distinct protein changes in root and shoot tissues. In roots, the salinity effects are identical in both cultivars. First, salinity modulates the synthesis of two different sets of proteins, one of which is elevated, and the other, depressed. Second, six new proteins are induced all of which are low in molecular weight, 24 to 27 kilodaltons, with an isoelectric point range of 6.1 to 7.6. In contrast to roots, salinity induces cultivar-specific shoot proteins. Five new shoot proteins are induced whose molecular weights and isoelectric points fall within the range of 20 to 24 kilodaltons and 6.3 to 7.2, respectively. Three of the newly induced proteins are unique to Prato. In addition, salinity inhibits the synthesis of a majority of shoot proteins. The new proteins produced in roots and shoots are unique to each tissue and their induction is apparently regulated coordinately during salinity stress.

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The developmental and molecular data reveal that the in vitro model is a sensitive and reliable system to study heavy metal stress responses in Populus alba.

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of congener data supports the hypothesis that C. pepo ssp pepO plants exhibit a unique biological uptake mechanism that allows for the accumulation of a significant concentration of PCBs in plant shoots, and the co-eluting IUPAC congeners 93/95 and 105/127 appear to be preferentially mobilized.

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the plant response to salinity in combination with a growth regulator, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), and found that ALA partially improved the growth of shoots and roots, and increased the leaf chlorophyll concentrations of stressed plants.
Abstract: Salinity is one of the major constraints in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production. One of the means to overcome this constraint is the use of plant growth regulators to induce plant tolerance. To study the plant response to salinity in combination with a growth regulator, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), oilseed rape plants were grown hydroponically in greenhouse conditions under three levels of salinity (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and foliar application of ALA (30 mg/l). Salinity depressed the growth of shoots and roots, and decreased leaf water potential and chlorophyll concentration. Addition of ALA partially improved the growth of shoots and roots, and increased the leaf chlorophyll concentrations of stressed plants. Foliar application of ALA also maintained leaf water potential of plants growing in 100 mM salinity at the same level as that of the control plants, and there was also an improvement in the water relations of ALA-treated plants growing in 200 mM. Net photosynthetic rate and gas exchange parameters were also reduced significantly with increasing salinity; these effects were partially reversed upon foliar application with ALA. Sodium accumulation increased with increasing NaCl concentration which induced a complex response in the macro-and micronutrients uptake and accumulation in both roots and leaves. Generally, analyses of macro- (N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrients (Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu) showed no increased accumulation of these ions in the leaves and roots (on dry weight basis) under increasing salinity except for zinc (Zn). Foliar application of ALA enhanced the concentrations of all nutrients other than Mn and Cu. These results suggest that under short-term salinity-induced stress (10 days), exogenous application of ALA helped the plants improve growth, photosynthetic gas exchange capacity, water potential, chlorophyll content, and mineral nutrition by manipulating the uptake of Na+.

130 citations

Book
01 Aug 1988
TL;DR: The structure and functioning of shoot apices, the position of a mutated cell within a plant chimerism, and patterns of radiation-induced morphological/histological damage and recovery are studied.
Abstract: List of tables. List of colour plates. List of figures. Preface. 1. General introduction. 2. Mutagenic treatments. Introduction. Chemical mutagens. Physical mutagens. References. 3. Other sources of genetic variation. Introduction. Ploidy mutations. Somaclonal variations. References. 4. Shoot apices: Organization and post-irradiation behaviour. Introduction. Structure and functioning of shoot apices. Behaviour of axillary and adventitious buds. The position of a mutated cell within a plant chimerism. Rearrangements of cell layers. Shoot apices after irradiation. Patterns of radiation-induced morphological/histological damage and recovery. The fate of a mutated apical cell diplontic selection. References. 5. Adventitious bud techniques and other in vivo or in vitro methods of asexual propagation of relevance to mutation breeding. Introduction. In vivo techniques. In vitro techniques. 6. Root and tuber crops. General. Cassava. Garlic and shallots. Jerusalem artichoke. Potato. Sweet potato. Yams and various other (tropical) root and tuber crops. 7. Ornamental crops. General. Tuber and bulb crops. Flowering pot plants. Foliage pot plants. Cut flowers. Garden plants. Woody plants. 8. Woody perennials and forest trees. General. Broad-leaved trees. Coniferous trees. Trees used in sericulture (Morus). 9. Fruit crops. Temperate fruit crops. Tree fruits. Small fruits. Grapevine. Tropical fruit crops. 10. Other crops. Essential oil crops. Fiber crops. Rubber. Hops. Sugarcane. Tea. Grasses. Index of references. Index of plant names.

130 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20232,131
20224,637
2021953
20201,041
20191,064