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Shoot
About: Shoot is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32188 publications have been published within this topic receiving 693348 citations.
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TL;DR: Increased hydration is suggested as a mechanism whereby leaf area and hence C assimilation increases in mycorrhizal plants and which offsets the effects of the drain imposed by the mycor Rhizas.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Leek plants (Allium porrum) were grown on partially sterilized soil either inoculated (M) or not (NM) with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae. They were pulse-fed with 14CO2 in an apparatus which allowed CO2 subsequently respired either by the shoots or by the roots plus soil to be separately monitored. There were three experiments. In two, plants were harvested 48 h after labelling and in the third after 214 h. At harvest, the distribution of 14C between shoot, root, soil organic matter and root washings was measured.
Similar growth curves for M and NM plants were obtained by supplying extra phosphorus to the latter, so that C distributions for both treatments could be compared directly. In all three experiments, about 7 % more of the total fixed C was translocated from shoot to root in M plants compared to NM plants. In the third experiment, this extra translocate could be accounted for by increased root respiration plus increased loss of C to the soil but, despite this drain, M and NM plants had equal rates of C assimilation per unit of leaf area. However, shoots of M plants had a lower content of dry matter and hence higher assimilation rates expressed on a dry matter basis.
Increased hydration is suggested as a mechanism whereby leaf area and hence C assimilation increases in mycorrhizal plants and which offsets the effects of the drain imposed by the mycorrhizas.
233 citations
TL;DR: Major reduction in number of days to maturity was observed under drought, mainly in resistant cultivars, Pinto Villa and G4523, which contributed to lessen the impact of drought stress in resistant common bean cultivars.
233 citations
TL;DR: Pepper plants with and without VA-mycorrhiza, VAM, and NVAM, respectively, were drought acclimated by four drought cycles or kept well watered or subjected to an additional drought cycle, suggesting that these hyphae improved drought resistance by facilitating soil water uptake.
231 citations
231 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that higher seed Zn content acted similar to a starter-fertiliser effect by improving vegetative growth and dissipating differences in Zn efficiency of wheat genotypes.
Abstract: Seed nutrient reserves may be important for an early establishment of crops on low-fertility soils. This glasshouse pot study evaluated effects of seed Zn content on vegetative growth of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes differing in Zn efficiency. Low-Zn (around 250 ng Zn per seed) and high-Zn seed (around 700 ng Zn per seed on average) of Excalibur (Zn efficient) and Gatcher (Zn inefficient) wheats were sown in a Zn-deficient siliceous sand fertilised with 0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.8 or 3.2 mg Zn kg -1 soil. After 3 weeks, plants derived from the high-Zn seed had better root and shoot growth; the cv. Excalibur accumulated more shoot dry matter than the cv. Gatcher. After 6 weeks, greater root and shoot growth of plants grown from the high-Zn seed compared to those from the low-Zn seed was obvious only at nil Zn fertilisation. A fertilisation rate of 0.2 mg Zn kg -1 soil was required for achieving 90% of the maximum yield for plants grown from the high-Zn seed compared to 0.8 mg Zn kg -1 soil for plants derived from the low-Zn seed. The critical Zn level in youngest expanded leaves for 90% maximum yield was 16 mg Zn kg -1 dry matter for both genotypes. Zn-efficient Excalibur had greater net Zn uptake rates compared to Zn-inefficient Gatcher after 3 weeks but they were not different at the 6-week harvest. Zinc-deficient plants had greater net uptake rates of Cu, Mn, B, P, and K but a reduced uptake rate of Fe. It is concluded that higher seed Zn content acted similar to a starter-fertiliser effect by improving vegetative growth and dissipating differences in Zn efficiency of wheat genotypes.
231 citations