Shrimp

About: Shrimp is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18972 publications have been published within this topic receiving 336625 citations.

Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents.

Abstract: A method, utilizing brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach), is proposed as a simple bioassay for natural product research. The procedure determines LC (50) values in microg/ml of active compounds and extracts in the brine medium. Activities of a broad range of known active compounds are manifested as toxicity to the shrimp. Screening results with seed extracts of 41 species of Euphorbiaceae were compared with 9KB and 9PS cytotoxicities. The method is rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and convenient as an in-house general bioassay tool.

Vibrio harveyi: a significant pathogen of marine vertebrates and invertebrates

Abstract: Vibrio harveyi, which now includes Vibrio carchariae as a junior synonym, is a serious pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates, particularly penaeid shrimp. In fish, the diseases include vasculitis, gastro-enteritis and eye lesions. With shrimp, the pathogen is associated with luminous vibriosis and Bolitas negricans. Yet, the pathogenicity mechanisms are imprecisely understood, with likely mechanisms involving the ability to attach and form biofilms, quorum sensing, various extracellular products including proteases and haemolysins, lipopolysaccharide, and interaction with bacteriophage and bacteriocin-like substances.

Determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp

Abstract: A new emerging disease in shrimp, first reported in 2009, was initially named early mortality syndrome (EMS). In 2011, a more descriptive name for the acute phase of the disease was proposed as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS). Affecting both Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei and black tiger shrimp P. monodon, the disease has caused sig- nificant losses in Southeast Asian shrimp farms. AHPNS was first classified as idiopathic because no specific causative agent had been identified. However, in early 2013, the Aquaculture Pathol- ogy Laboratory at the University of Arizona was able to isolate the causative agent of AHPNS in pure culture. Immersion challenge tests were employed for infectivity studies, which induced 100% mortality with typical AHPNS pathology to experimental shrimp exposed to the pathogenic agent. Subsequent histological analyses showed that AHPNS lesions were experimentally in - duced in the laboratory and were identical to those found in AHPNS-infected shrimp samples col- lected from the endemic areas. Bacterial isolation from the experimentally infected shrimp enabled recovery of the same bacterial colony type found in field samples. In 3 separate immer- sion tests, using the recovered isolate from the AHPNS-positive shrimp, the same AHPNS pathol- ogy was reproduced in experimental shrimp with consistent results. Hence, AHPNS has a bacter- ial etiology and Koch's Postulates have been satisfied in laboratory challenge studies with the isolate, which has been identified as a member of the Vibrio harveyi clade, most closely related to V. parahemolyticus.

National Research Council (NRC): Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp

Abstract: The previous NRC handbooks covering the nutritional requirements of aquatic animals rapidly achieved the status of standard works of reference, and the same is likely to be the case for Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. This new book, which updates and expands upon information given in the 1993 edition, has been put together by a committee of ten well-known aquatic animal nutritionists. Given the length of time that has elapsed since publication of the previous edition, this book is long overdue. The book summarizes current knowledge about nutritional requirements of fish and shrimp (some readers will be more familiar with several species under the name prawns, and some information is also given for other crustaceans). In addition, it provides information about the basic concepts of nutritional research, gives guidelines relating to the design of practical nutritional studies, and introduces some of the basic methods used in such studies. Not surprisingly, given the amount of nutritional information available for the aquatic animal groups considered in this publication, there is greater coverage of finfish than of the shrimps (prawns). Major finfish groups considered are warm-water omnivores (carps, tilapias and catfishes), cold-water carnivores (salmonids) and warm-water marine species, such as sea-basses and sea breams. Among the crustaceans, most of the information given relates to marine penaeids, although there is also some mention of the feeding and nutrition of lobsters, crabs, crayfish, and the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The book is made up of a Summary and Introduction, 15 main chapters, an overview of future research needs, a series of summary tables, lists of species names, abbreviations and acronyms, appendices, and an index. The first main chapter introduces basic concepts and methodology and there then follow general overviews of feeding, digestion, and metabolism, before there is a move to considerations of the macronutrients and micronutrients. Feed additives and anti-nutritional factors are also covered, as are methods used to assess nutrient bioavailability, and there are also chapters that cover feeding practices and feed management, and larval nutrition. The closing chapters cover feed ingredients, their processing, and the production of formulated feeds for aquatic species.