Topic
Shrinkage
About: Shrinkage is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21245 publications have been published within this topic receiving 304269 citations.
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01 Dec 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the following properties of concrete: Elasticity, Shrinkage and Creep, Durabilty of Concrete, Freezing and Thawing, and Chlorides.
Abstract: 1. Portland Cement. 2. Cementitious Materials Of Different Types. 3. Properties Of Aggregate. 4. Fresh Concrete. 5. Admixtures. 6. Strength Of Concrete. 7. Further Aspects Of Hardened Concrete. 8. Temperature Effects In Concrete. 9. Elasticity, Shrinkage And Creep. 10. Durabilty Of Concrete. 11. Effects Of Freezing And Thawing And Of Chlorides. 12. Testing Of Hardened Concrete. 13. Concretes With Particular Properties. 14. Selection Of Concrete Mix Proportions (Mix Design). Appendices. Index.
5,713 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the forces that produce shrinkage and the mechanisms responsible for transport of liquid, and a variety of strategies for avoiding fracture during drying were discussed, with the emphasis on the constant rate period (CRP) when the pores are full of liquid.
Abstract: This review examines the stages of drying, with the emphasis on the constant rate period (CRP), when the pores are full of liquid. It is during the CRP that most of the shrinkage occurs and the drying stresses rise to a maximum. We examine the forces that produce shrinkage and the mechanisms responsible for transport of liquid. By analyzing the interplay of fluid flow and shrinkage of the solid network, it is possible to calculate the pressure distribution in the liquid in the pores. The tension in the liquid is found to be greatest near the drying surface, resulting in greater compressive stresses on the network in that region. This produces differential shrinkage of the solid, which is the cause of cracking during drying. The probability of fracture is related to the size of the body, the rate of evaporation, and the strength of the network. A variety of strategies for avoiding fracture during drying are discussed.
977 citations
863 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of experimental, controlled heating on modern bones and teeth from sheep and goats were investigated, and four aspects of heating specimens to between 20 and 940°C were considered: color, microscopic morphology, crystalline structure and shrinkage.
832 citations