Showing papers on "Signal published in 2012"

Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator

Abstract: A closed-loop control system is disclosed for use with an electrosurgical generator that generates electrosurgical energy. The closed loop control system includes a user interface for allowing a user to select at least one pre-surgical parameter, such as the type of surgical instrument operatively connected to the generator, the type of tissue and the desired surgical effect. A sensor module is also included for continually sensing at least one of electrical and physical properties proximate a surgical site and generating at least one signal relating thereto. The system also includes a control module for continually receiving the at least one selected pre-surgical parameter from the user interface and each of the signals from the sensor module, and processing each of the signals in accordance with the at least one pre-surgical parameter using at least one of a microprocessor, computer algorithm and a mapping. The control module generates at least one corresponding control signal relating to each signal from the sensor module, and relays the control signal to the electrosurgical generator for controlling the same. A method is also disclosed for performing an electrosurgical procedure at a surgical site on a patient. The method includes the steps of: applying at least one electrical pulse to the surgical site; continually sensing electrical and physical properties proximate the surgical site; and varying pulse parameters of individual pulses of the at least one pulse in accordance with the continually-sensed properties.

User interface in a battery powered device

Abstract: A medical instrument is disclosed. The medical instrument includes a housing, at least one electrical contact, a radio frequency (RF) generation circuit coupled to and operated by the battery and operable to generate an RF drive signal and to provide the RF drive signal to the at least one electrical contact, and a user interface supported by the housing. The user interface includes visual and audible feedback elements, wherein the state of the instrument can be determined by the state of the visual and audible feedback elements.

Surgical generator and related method for mitigating overcurrent conditions

Abstract: A surgical generator and related method for mitigating overcurrent conditions are provided. The surgical generator includes a power supply, a radio frequency output stage, an overcurrent detection circuit in operative communication with an interrupt circuit, and a processor. The power supply generates a power signal and supplies the power signal to the radio frequency output stage. The radio frequency output stage generates a radio frequency signal from the power signal. The overcurrent detection circuit detects an overcurrent of the power signal and/or an overcurrent of the radio frequency signal. The interrupt circuit provides an interrupt signal in response to a detected overcurrent. The processor receives the interrupt signal and supplies a pulse-width modulation signal to the power supply and incrementally decreases the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation signal in response to the interrupt signal. The radio frequency output stage may be disabled in response to the detected overcurrent.

Positive control of robotic surgical instrument end effector

Abstract: A method of controlling an operation of a robotically-controlled surgical instrument can include receiving a first input signal at a controller indicative of a user's readiness to actuate the surgical instrument to perform a surgical procedure, outputting an output signal from the controller to provide feedback to the user in response to the received first input signal, receiving a second input signal at the controller confirming the user's readiness to actuate the surgical instrument, outputting an actuation signal from the controller in response to receiving the second input signal, and actuating the surgical instrument to perform the surgical procedure based on the actuation signal.

Minimal invasion medical device

Abstract: The invention discloses a minimal invasion medical device. The minimal invasion medical device comprises a tool end, an operating end, a sensing end, a signal processing module, an information control module and a warning device, wherein the operating end controls the tool end to act; the sensing unit is arranged above the tool end; the signal processing module is electrically connected with the sensing unit; the information control module is electrically connected with the signal processing module; and the warning device is arranged above the operating end. Data contacted with the tool end is transformed into an electronic signal by the sensing unit on the tool end, the electronic signal is transmitted by the signal processing module and the information control module judges whether to drive the warning device to generate warning to inform a user on the operating end.

Output enable signal generation circuit of semiconductor memory

Abstract: An output enable signal generation circuit of a semiconductor memory includes: a latency signal generation unit configured to generate a latency signal for designating activation timing of a data output enable signal in response to a read signal and a CAS latency signal; and a data output enable signal generation unit configured to control the activation timing and deactivation timing of the data output enable signal in response to the latency signal and a signal generated by shifting the latency signal based on a burst length (BL).

Headset signal multiplexing system and method

Abstract: A system and method for supplying power to a headset, and for transmitting multiple signals generated in the headset to a terminal using frequency division multiplexing. An audio signal and a carrier signal are generated in the terminal and summed together to form a composite uplink signal. The composite uplink signal is provided to a headset over a first physical channel. At the headset, the audio and carrier signals are separated, and the carrier signal is used to generate power in the headset. Signals generated by a plurality of acoustic sensors in the headset are combined using frequency division multiplexing to generate a composite downlink signal, which is transmitted to the terminal over a second physical channel. One or more carrier signals used to generate the composite downlink signal are provided by either a carrier source in the headset, or by recovering the carrier signal from the composite uplink signal.

A Novel Approach for Motion Artifact Reduction in PPG Signals Based on AS-LMS Adaptive Filter

Abstract: The performance of pulse oximeters is highly influenced by motion artifacts (MAs) in photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient approach based on adaptive step-size least mean squares (AS-LMS) adaptive filter for reducing MA in corrupted PPG signals. The presented method is an extension to our prior work on efficient use of adaptive filters for reduction of MA in PPG signals. The novelty of the method lies in the fact that a synthetic noise reference signal for an adaptive filtering process, representing MA noise, is generated internally from the MA-corrupted PPG signal itself instead of using any additional hardware such as accelerometer or source-detector pair for acquiring noise reference signal. Thus, the generated noise reference signal is then applied to the AS-LMS adaptive filter for artifact removal. While experimental results proved the efficacy of the proposed scheme, the merit of the method is clearly demonstrated using convergence and correlation analysis, thus making it best suitable for present-day pulse oximeters utilizing PPG sensor head with a single pair of source and detector, which does not have any extra hardware meant for capturing noise reference signal. In addition to arterial oxygen saturation estimation, the artifact reduction method facilitated the waveform contour analysis on artifact-reduced PPG, and the conventional parameters were evaluated for assessing the arterial stiffness.

Method of using camera sensor interface to transfer multiple channels of scan data using an image format

Abstract: A computer system for decoding a signal of decodable indicia. The computer system includes a laser scanner configured that outputs a signal of decodable indicia and a microprocessor that include a camera sensor interface that is configured to receive the signal from the laser scanner.

Signal and Data Processing for Machine Olfaction and Chemical Sensing: A Review

Abstract: Signal and data processing are essential elements in electronic noses as well as in most chemical sensing instruments. The multivariate responses obtained by chemical sensor arrays require signal and data processing to carry out the fundamental tasks of odor identification (classification), concentration estimation (regression), and grouping of similar odors (clustering). In the last decade, important advances have shown that proper processing can improve the robustness of the instruments against diverse perturbations, namely, environmental variables, background changes, drift, etc. This article reviews the advances made in recent years in signal and data processing for machine olfaction and chemical sensing.

Method of analyzing and processing signals

Abstract: A physiological measurement system is disclosed which can take a pulse oximetry signal such as a photoplethysmogram from a patient and then analyse the signal to measure physiological parameters including respiration, pulse, oxygen saturation and movement. The system comprises a pulse oximeter which includes a light emitting device and a photodetector attachable to a subject to obtain a pulse oximetry signal; analogue to digital converter means arranged to convert said pulse oximetry signal into a digital pulse oximetry signal; signal processing means suitable to receive said digital pulse oximetry signal and arranged to decompose that signal by wavelet transform means; feature extraction means arranged to derive physiological information from the decomposed signal; an analyser component arranged to collect information from the feature extraction means; and data output means arranged in communication with the analyser component.

Method for performing device-to-device communication in wireless access system and apparatus therefor

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for performing device-to-device communication in a wireless access system that supports the device-to-device communication and an apparatus therefor. Specifically, the invention comprises the steps of: receiving, from a base station, device-to-device communication parameters for broadcasted device-to-device communication; transmitting a detection signal to one or more devices using the received device-to-device communication parameters; receiving, from the one or more devices, link measurement information for measuring a link between a first device and the one or more devices using the detection signal; selecting a second device for performing the device-to-device communication from the one or more devices using the link measurement information; and performing the device-to-device communication with the selected second device.

Multiple-antenna system for cellular communication and broadcasting

Abstract: A multiple-antenna system for use in cellular communication and broadcasting. The multiple-antenna transmission system can be controlled, adjusted, configured, or reconfigured to produce desirable radiation beam patterns suitable for different types of applications. A signal distribution network may be provided in the multiple-antenna system. The signal distribution network is embedded in a transmitter and controls the distribution of signals to one or more antennas in accordance with application requirements. Various antenna radiation patterns suitable for different applications can be generated by reconfiguring the connections and gain settings in the signal distribution network. For example, narrow beams may be generated for use in unicast applications, whereas sector beams may be generated for use in broadcast applications. Certain techniques may be employed to manage the transition from one type of transmission mode to another type of transmission mode.

Dynamic time warping and machine learning for signal quality assessment of pulsatile signals

Abstract: In this work, we describe a beat-by-beat method for assessing the clinical utility of pulsatile waveforms, primarily recorded from cardiovascular blood volume or pressure changes, concentrating on the photoplethysmogram (PPG). Physiological blood flow is nonstationary, with pulses changing in height, width and morphology due to changes in heart rate, cardiac output, sensor type and hardware or software pre-processing requirements. Moreover, considerable inter-individual and sensor-location variability exists. Simple template matching methods are therefore inappropriate, and a patient-specific adaptive initialization is therefore required. We introduce dynamic time warping to stretch each beat to match a running template and combine it with several other features related to signal quality, including correlation and the percentage of the beat that appeared to be clipped. The features were then presented to a multi-layer perceptron neural network to learn the relationships between the parameters in the presence of good- and bad-quality pulses. An expert-labeled database of 1055 segments of PPG, each 6 s long, recorded from 104 separate critical care admissions during both normal and verified arrhythmic events, was used to train and test our algorithms. An accuracy of 97.5% on the training set and 95.2% on test set was found. The algorithm could be deployed as a stand-alone signal quality assessment algorithm for vetting the clinical utility of PPG traces or any similar quasi-periodic signal.

Detector for optically detecting at least one object

Abstract: A detector (110) for optically detecting at least one object (112) is proposed. The detector (110) comprises at least one optical sensor (114). The optical sensor (114) has at least one sensor region (116). The optical sensor (114) is designed to generate at least one sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (116). The sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a geometry of the illumination, in particular on a beam cross section of the illumination on the sensor area (118). The detector (110) furthermore has at least one evaluation device (122). The evaluation device (122) is designed to generate at least one item of geometrical information from the sensor signal, in particular at least one item of geometrical information about the illumination and/or the object (112).

Method and apparatus for controlling wireless power transmission

Abstract: A wireless power transmission controlling apparatus and method are provided The apparatus includes a power amplifier that receives a source power, amplifies the received source power, and outputs a wireless power transmission signal from the amplified received source power, a band pass filter that filters the wireless power transmission signal, and passes a harmonic wave corresponding to a communication frequency band, and a communication unit that transmits a wireless power transmission control signal using the harmonic wave corresponding to the communication frequency band

Small-signal amplifier based on single-layer MoS2

Abstract: In this letter we demonstrate the operation of an analog small-signal amplifier based on single-layer MoS2, a semiconducting analogue of graphene. Our device consists of two transistors integrated on the same piece of single-layer MoS2. The high intrinsic band gap of 1.8 eV allows MoS2-based amplifiers to operate with a room temperature gain of 4. The amplifier operation is demonstrated for the frequencies of input signal up to 2 kHz preserving the gain higher than 1. Our work shows that MoS2 can effectively amplify signals and that it could be used for advanced analog circuits based on two-dimensional materials.

Continuous real-time correction and averaging for frequency comb interferometry

Abstract: Interferograms from a dual-comb spectrometer are continuously corrected and averaged in real-time. The algorithm is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) development board. The chosen approach and the algorithm are described. Measurements with high signal-to-noise ratio, resolution and bandwidth are shown to demonstrate the accuracy of the optical referencing and the processing algorithm with 24 hours of averaging time, reaching a signal to noise ratio of 10,750,000 (>21 bits) in the interferogram and 316,000 in the spectrum at 100 MHz resolution. An interferogram where signal dominates the noise over the full delay range imposed by the 100 MHz repetition rate is reported for the first time.

Method and apparatus for measuring interference in wireless communication system

Abstract: An interference measurement method of a terminal is provided for facilitating downlink transmission in the mobile communication system based on Distributed Antenna System (DAS) in which multiple antennas controlled by a base station are distributed within the service area of the base station. The interference measurement method includes receiving channel measurement information and interference measurement information from a base station, receiving channel state information reference signals, calculating, when the received channel state information reference signal is for channel measurement, a received signal energy based on the channel measurement information and, when the received channel state information reference signal is for interference measurement, an interference based on the interference measurement information, generating channel quality information based on the received signal energy and the interference, and transmitting the channel quality information to the base station.

PWM Switching Frequency Signal Injection Sensorless Method in IPMSM

Abstract: The rotor position of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) can be estimated without a position sensor by signal injection sensorless control at standstill and/or in very low speed rotating condition. In the signal injection sensorless control, however, the fundamental control performance is limited by the frequency of the injected signal, and no negligible acoustic noise is generated. If the frequency of the injected voltage signal would increase to pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switching frequency and if the switching frequency is near or above audible range, the dynamics of the sensorless control can be improved, and the acoustic noise can be remarkably reduced or totally eliminated. This paper describes how to extract the rotor position information of IPMSM using the voltage signal injection whose frequency is the same as the PWM switching frequency. Compared to the conventional heterodyning process, the proposed method is simple to implement and appropriate for PWM switching frequency signal injection. The high-frequency voltage signal can be injected in the stationary reference frame or in the estimated rotor reference frame. In this paper, the 5- and 16-kHz signal injections are proposed, implemented, and compared. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

System and Method for Providing Wireless Power Feedback in a Wireless Power Delivery System

Abstract: A wireless power delivery system includes a wireless power source and a control module. The wireless power source provides power to an information handling system. The control module is in communication with the wireless power source, and is configured to detect a presence signal from the information handling system, to set an output power level for the information handling system based on the presence signal, to receive a signal from the information handling system, and to adjust the output power level based on the signal.

Beam power with multiple power zones

Abstract: A beam power source transmits a signal indicating power availability, receives a request for power in response, and beams power in response to the request.

Solar roof shingles and underlayment with wireless power transfer

Abstract: A system of solar roof shingles and underlayment with wireless power transfer between the solar roof shingles (23) and the underlayment (16) is disclosed. Each roof shingle has a solar collector array (26) coupled to a wireless resonator (29). The solar collector array establishes a voltage in response to exposure to sunlight and the wireless resonator converts the voltage to a transmittable electromagnetic signal. The signal is transmitted to resonant devices embedded in the underlayment beneath the shingles The resonant devices may be resonant capture devices (17) that convert the received electromagnetic signal back to a usable voltage, or they may be wireless repeaters (41) that retransmit the electromagnetic signal to remote resonant capture devices (42), which then convert it to a voltage. This voltage is placed on an electrical grid (43) and made available at a remote location for use, storage, or placement on the public electrical grid.

Distributed antenna system architectures

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to a distributed antenna system comprising a host unit and at least one remote antenna unit that is communicatively coupled to the host unit. The host unit is configured to communicate a downstream transport signal from the host unit to the remote antenna unit. The remote antenna unit to which the downstream transport signal is communicated uses the downstream transport signal to generate a downstream radio frequency signal for radiation from an antenna associated with the remote antenna unit. The remote antenna unit is configured to communicate an upstream transport signal from the remote antenna unit to the host unit, wherein the upstream transport signal is generated from a received upstream radio frequency signal received at the remote antenna unit. The remote antenna unit is configured to perform self-interference suppression processing in an upstream signal path using, as an input thereto, a feedback signal derived from the downstream radio frequency signal radiated from the antenna. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Proximity switch assembly and method having adaptive time delay

Abstract: A proximity switch assembly and method for detecting activation of the proximity switch assembly is provided. The assembly includes a plurality of proximity switches each providing a sense activation field and control circuitry processing the activation field of each proximity switch to sense activation. The control circuitry monitors the signal responsive to the activation field, determines a rate of change in signal amplitude for each signal, and generates an adaptive time delay based on the control circuitry. The control circuitry further detects a peak amplitude of the signal and determines activation of the switch after expiration of the time delay following the peak amplitude detection.

Oximeter probe off indicator defining probe off space

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure seeks to select characteristics of incoming intensity data that cause comparisons of selected characteristics to produce defined probe off space having reduced crossover with defined probe on space. Once defined, the present disclosure compares characteristics of incoming intensity data with the now defined probe off space, and in some embodiments, defined probe on space, to determine whether a probe off condition exists. When a processor determines a probe off condition exists, the processor may output or trigger an output signal that audibly and/or visually indicates to a user that the optical sensor should be adjusted for a proper application to a measurement site.

Electronically steered weather radar

Abstract: An electronically steered weather radar system comprises a plurality of transmit/receive modules, a plurality of antenna modules, and a system signal processor. Each transmit/receive module may be configured to adjust a phase characteristic of a radio frequency (RF) signal to be transmitted and received. Antenna modules may be in communication with transmit/receive modules and may form an antenna array configured to transmit a system beam in a direction determined by the phase of the RF signal from each transmit/receive module and to generate the RF signal from the received system beam. The system signal processor may be configured to perform a first scan to detect meteorological formations wherein the system signal processor communicates with each transmit/receive module to adjust a phase characteristic of the RF signals such that the antenna array transmits and receives the system beam through a plurality of azimuth angles and a plurality of elevation angles.

System and method of detecting and locating intermittent and other faults

Abstract: Data associated with at least one building condition or status is sensed by one or more sensors. The data from these sensors may be sent over a data bus and received by the central computer. In addition, a modulated signal may be transmitted by one or both of the transmitters across the data bus. The modulated signal is received at the receiver, which analyzes the received modulated signal, and determines whether an intermittent fault has occurred on the data bus based upon the analyzing. For example, the receiver may compare the received signal to an expected pattern and when a discrepancy exists, an intermittent fault is determined to exist. The receiver may also determine the location of the fault based upon the analysis.

Signal transmission device and electronic device

Abstract: Provided is a signal transmission device including a high-frequency signal waveguide that transmits a high-frequency signal emitted from an electronic device. When the electronic device is arranged close to the high-frequency signal waveguide, the high-frequency signal is transmitted via the high-frequency signal waveguide.