Topic
Signal transduction
About: Signal transduction is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 122628 publications have been published within this topic receiving 8209258 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0007165.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, CTLA-4 and PD-1 signaling inhibited Akt phosphorylation by preventing CD3/CD28-mediated upregulation of glucose metabolism and Akt activity, but each accomplished this regulation using separate mechanisms.
Abstract: CTLA-4 and PD-1 are receptors that negatively regulate T-cell activation. Ligation of both CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocked CD3/CD28-mediated upregulation of glucose metabolism and Akt activity, but each accomplished this regulation using separate mechanisms. CTLA-4-mediated inhibition of Akt phosphorylation is sensitive to okadaic acid, providing direct evidence that PP2A plays a prominent role in mediating CTLA-4 suppression of T-cell activation. In contrast, PD-1 signaling inhibits Akt phosphorylation by preventing CD28-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). The ability of PD-1 to suppress PI3K/AKT activation was dependent upon the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif located in its cytoplasmic tail, adding further importance to this domain in mediating PD-1 signal transduction. Lastly, PD-1 ligation is more effective in suppressing CD3/CD28-induced changes in the T-cell transcriptional profile, suggesting that differential regulation of PI3K activation by PD-1 and CTLA-4 ligation results in distinct cellular phenotypes. Together, these data suggest that CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibit T-cell activation through distinct and potentially synergistic mechanisms.
1,541 citations
TL;DR: The identification of 18 Arabidopsis dwarf mutants that are unable to respond to exogenously added brassinosteroid, a phenotype that might be expected for brass inosteroid signaling mutants.
1,534 citations
TL;DR: Findings reveal a cross talk between two major signal transduction systems used to control gene transcription in response to extracellular stimuli, and a novel mechanism for transcriptional repression.
1,531 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that exogenously added HSP70 possesses potent cytokine activity, with the ability to bind with high affinity to the plasma membrane, elicit a rapid intracellular Ca2+ flux, activate NF-κB, and up-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes.
1,528 citations
TL;DR: It is found that miR-126 regulated the response of endothelial cells to VEGF, providing a new target for modulating vascular formation and function and illustrating that a single miRNA can regulate vascular integrity and angiogenesis.
1,528 citations