Topic
Signal transduction
About: Signal transduction is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 122628 publications have been published within this topic receiving 8209258 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0007165.
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TL;DR: The variety of intracellular target proteins of S100 proteins and, in some cases, of a single S100 protein, and the cell specificity of expression of certain S100 members suggest that these proteins might have a role in the fine regulation of effector proteins and/or specific steps of signaling pathways/cellular functions.
1,528 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that Stat6 plays a central role in exerting IL-4-mediated biological responses, and production of Th2 cytokines from T cells as well as IgE and IgGl responses after nematode infection were profoundly reduced.
Abstract: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic lymphokine which plays an important role in the immune system. IL-4 activates two distinct signalling pathways through tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, and of a 170K protein called 4PS. To investigate the functional role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling, we generated mice deficient in Stat6 by gene targeting. We report here that in the mutant mice, expression of CD23 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in resting B cells was not enhanced in response to IL-4. IL-4 induced B-cell proliferation costimulated by anti-IgM antibody was abolished. The T-cell proliferative response was also notably reduced. Furthermore, production of Th2 cytokines from T cells as well as IgE and IgG1 responses after nematode infection were profoundly reduced. These findings agreed with those obtained in IL-4 deficient mice or using antibodies to IL-4 and the IL-4 receptor. We conclude that Stat6 plays a central role in exerting IL-4 mediated biological responses.
1,526 citations
TL;DR: This review considers the spectra of tumors arising from active Wnt signaling and attempts to place perspective on recent data that begin to elucidate the mechanisms prompting uncontrolled cell growth following induction of Wnt signalling.
1,523 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviews recent progress in the study of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines and gp130 and describes how the dimerization of gp130 leads to activation of associated cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and subsequent modification of transcription factors.
Abstract: Receptors for most interleukins and cytokines that regulate immune and hematopoietic systems belong to the class I cytokine receptor family. These molecules form multichain receptor complexes in order to exhibit high-affinity binding to, and mediate biological functions of, their respective cytokines. In most cases, these functional receptor complexes share common signal transducing receptor components that are also in the class I cytokine receptor family, i.e. gp130, common beta, and common gamma molecules. Interleukin-6 and related cytokines, interleukin-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and cardiotrophin-1 are all pleiotropic and exhibit overlapping biological functions. Functional receptor complexes for this interleukin-6 family of cytokines share gp130 as a component critical for signal transduction. Unlike cytokines sharing common beta and common gamma chains that mainly function in hematopoietic and lymphoid cell systems, the interleukin-6 family of cytokines function extensively outside these systems as well, e.g. from the cardiovascular to the nervous system, owing to ubiquitously expressed gp130. Stimulation of cells with the interleukin-6 family of cytokines triggers homo- or hetero-dimerization of gp130. Although gp130 and its dimer partners possess no intrinsic tyrosine kinase domain, the dimerization of gp130 leads to activation of associated cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and subsequent modification of transcription factors. This paper reviews recent progress in the study of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines and gp130.
1,514 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Part 1 Neural membranes: neurocellular anatomy cell membrane structure and functions membrane transport electrical excitability and ion channels lipids myelin formation, structure and biochemistry molecular biology of vision olfaction and taste in vertebrates - molecular and organizational strategies underlying perception.
Abstract: Part 1 Neural membranes: neurocellular anatomy cell membrane structure and functions membrane transport electrical excitability and ion channels lipids myelin formation, structure and biochemistry molecular biology of vision olfaction and taste in vertebrates - molecular and organizational strategies underlying perception. Part 2 Synaptic function: chemically mediated synaptic transmission - an overview receptors and signal transduction - classification and quantitation acetylcholine catecholamines serotonin histamine opioid peptides and opioid receptors neuropeptides excitatory amino acid transmitters GABA and glycine purinergic systems phosphoinositides G-proteins and cyclic nucleotides in the nervous system protein phosphorylation and the regulation of neuronal function eicosanoids. Part 3 Molecular neurobiology: gene expression in the mammalian nervous system molecular probes for gene expression molecular genetic approaches to inherited neurological. Part 4 Cellular neurochemistry: degenerative disorders axonal transport and the neuronal cytoskeleton development of the nervous system neural plasticity and regeneration biochemistry of aging in the mammaliam brain circulation and energy metabolism of the brain blood-brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Part 5 Medical neurochemistry: the muscle fibre and disorders of muscle excitability diseases of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and mitochondrial metabolism vitamin and nutritional deficiencies biochemistry of neuropathy diseases involving myelin genetic disorders of lipid, glycoprotein, and mucopolysaccharide metabolism disorders of amino acid metabolism metabolic encephalopathies and coma molecular targets of abused drugs ischemia and hypoxia epileptic seizures neurotransmitters and disorders of the basal ganglia biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease positron emission tomography. Part 6 Behavioural neurochemistry: biochemical aspects of the psychotic disorders biochemical hypotheses of mood and anxiety endocrine effects on the brain and their relationships to behaviour learning and memory.
1,502 citations