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Silicate minerals
About: Silicate minerals is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1794 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67064 citations.
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TL;DR: Results of absorption spectra measurements on silicate glasses of various compositions indicate that ions of the first transition-metal series are present in tetrahedral and octahedral sites in silicate melts (glasses).
Abstract: Results of absorption spectra measurements on silicate glasses of various compositions indicate that ions of the first transition-metal series are present in tetrahedral and octahedral sites in silicate melts (glasses). The fractionation patterns observed for transition-metal ions between magmas and silicate minerals can be interpreted according to crystal field theory in terms of octahedral "site preference energies" of transition ions in crystal lattices.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, first-principles methods based on density functional theory were used to calculate fractionation factors for oxygen and silicon in phyllosilicates (pyrophyllite, talc, albite and pyrope).
82 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a series of layer-type Mg minerals (brucite, antigorite, talc, and phlogopite) were dry-ground to <400 mesh and then subjected to controlled dissolution in distilled water at 25"C and I atm CO2 partial pressure.
Abstract: Dissolution experiments were done on a series of layer-type Mg minerals (brucite, antigorite, talc, and phlogopite) of progressively more complex structure and chemical composition. Twenty-five gram portions of these minerals were dry-ground to <400 mesh and then subjected to controlled dissolution in distilled water at 25"C and I atm CO2 partial pressure. For antigorite, talc, and phlogopite, Mg from the octahedral sheets was released more rapidly than was Si from the tetrahedral sheets, r.e., the dissolution was incongruent. It appears that the solubility of these layer-type minerals is related to the relative number of octahedral to tetrahedral sheets present in the structure, i.e., the dissolution kinetics of layer-type silicate minerals is controlled bv the rate of destruction of the tetrahedral silica sheets of the mineral.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potential value of this process for artificially-mediated CO2 sequestration within soils was considered, and it was shown that soils have a role to play as passive agents in the removal of atmospheric CO2, analogous to the use of reed beds to clean contaminated waters.
Abstract: Soils are the dominant terrestrial sink for carbon, containing three times as much C as above-ground plant biomass, and acting as a host for both organic and inorganic C, as soil organic matter and pedogenic carbonates, respectively. This article reviews evidence for the generation within the soil solution of dissolved C derived from plants and recognition of its precipitation as carbonates. It then considers the potential value of this process for artificially-mediated CO2 sequestration within soils. The ability of crops such as wheat to produce organic acid anions as root exudates is substantial, generating 70 mol/(y kg) of exuded C, equivalent to the plant's own ‘body weight’. This is still an order of magnitude less than measured C production from Icelandic woodlands (Moulton et al., 2000), which have no other possible source of C. Thus, there is apparently no shortage of available dissolved C, as bicarbonate in solution, and so the formation of pedogenic carbonates will be controlled by the availability of Ca. This is derived from mineral weathering, primarily of silicate minerals (natural plagioclase feldspars and pyroxenes; artificial cement and slag minerals). Within the UK, existing industrial arisings of calcium silicate minerals from quarrying, demolition and steel manufacture that are fine-grained and suitable for incorporation into soils are sufficient to account for 3 MT CO2 per year, compensating for half of the emissions from UK cement manufacture. Pursuing these arguments, it is shown that soils have a role to play as passive agents in the removal of atmospheric CO2, analogous to the use of reed beds to clean contaminated waters.
81 citations