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Siltation

About: Siltation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1420 publications have been published within this topic receiving 20983 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
09 Feb 2018-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Riparian and the Steepest Slopes restoration strategies are complementary in the sense of preventing sediments from reaching the water bodies as well as protecting them at their origin (with the reduction of erosion), so it will be advisable to consider the two types of restoration.
Abstract: The choice of areas for nature conservation involves the attempt to maximize the benefits, whether by carrying out an economic activity or by the provision of Ecosystem Services. Studies are needed to improve the understanding of the effect of the extent and position along the watershed of restored areas on soil and water conservation. This study aimed to understand how different restoration strategies might reflect in soil conservation and sediment retention. Using InVEST tool, sediment transport was simulated in a small 12 km2 watershed (Posses River, in Southeast Brazil), where one of first Brazilian Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) projects is being carried out, comparing different hypothetical restoration strategies. With 25% of restoration, sediment export decreased by 78% for riparian restoration, and 27% for the steepest slopes restoration. On the other hand, the decrease in soil loss was lower for riparian restoration, with a 16% decrease, while the steepest slopes restoration reduced it by 21%. This mismatch between the reduction of sediment export and soil loss was explained by the fact that forest not only reduces soil loss locally but also traps sediment arriving from the upper parts of the watershed. While the first mechanism is important to provide soil stability, decreasing the risk of landslip, and to maintain agricultural productivity, the second can improve water quality and decrease the risk of silting, with positive effects on the water reservoirs at the outlet of the watershed. This suggests that Riparian and the Steepest Slopes restoration strategies are complementary in the sense of preventing sediments from reaching the water bodies as well as protecting them at their origin (with the reduction of erosion), so it will be advisable to consider the two types of restoration.

16 citations

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) under Geographical Information System (GIS) was applied to simulate the yearly surface runoff and sediment load for the main three valleys on the right bank of Mosul Dam Reservoir for the period 1988-2008.
Abstract: Mosul dam reservoir is the biggest reservoir on the River Tigris with 11.11 billion m3 storage capacity located at the northern part of Iraq. The dam is used for irrigation, hydropower generationand flood control. Siltation of the reservoir and sediment delivery from the valleys to the reservoir was not measured since the operation of the dam in 1988. Sediment accumulation in its reservoir can effect the dam operation (pumping station, hydropower plantsand bottom outlets) and it will defi- nitely shorten the life span of the dam. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) under Geographical Information System (GIS) was applied to simulate the yearly surface runoff and sediment load for the main three valleys on the right bank of Mosul Dam Reservoir for the period 1988-2008. The result- ant values of the average annual sediment load are 42.7*103, ton. This implies that significant sediment load enters the reservoir from these valleys. Sediment accumulation can effect the dam operation (pumping station, hydropower plantsand bottom outlets) and it will definitely

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the history of coastal erosion in the Mediterranean and the development of more complex shore protection structures, such as the Venetian “Murazzi” and the 114 km-long concrete element defence at the Yellow river delta.
Abstract: Since the Neolithic, humans have gathered along coastal plains, where they had to face sea level rise and subsidence without the technology to oppose these processes. When sea level stabilized, approx. 6.000 yr. B.P., coastal colonization was allowed, but where mountain deforestation was carried out river sediment input increased tremendously: settlements were disconnected from the shore and harbour siltation occurred. Shore erosion was a limited process at the time and local solutions were adopted: clay dikes, wood piles, fascinates and rock revetments. Along the Mediterranean, in China and Japan the construction of more complex structures has been documented since the Middle Ages. Further human development, with river bed quarrying, wetland reclamation, dam construction and mountain re-afforestation, favoured a coastal erosion that nowadays threatens most world coasts. From the Venetian “Murazzi” to the recent 114-km-long concrete element defence at the Yellow river delta, shore protection structures evolved following the different needs (protect coastal communication routes, urban and industrial settlements, tourist resorts). Beach nourishment, previously performed with inland quarried materials, is now intensively carried out with marine aggregates. The vernacular solution, left to undeveloped countries, has been recently revaluated by “green engineering”. However, with Sea Level Rise, the debate of whether to defend, accommodate or retreat is open.

16 citations

01 Jun 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a review of more than fifty harbor-specific data sets reveals a complex contamination and recovery history and demonstrates remarkable resilience to natural and human-induced contaminant stresses.
Abstract: : Pearl Harbor demonstrates remarkable resilience to natural and human- induced contaminant stresses. A review of more than fifty harbor-specific data sets reveals a complex contamination and recovery history. Siltation is a major contaminant pathway in Pearl Harbor. Dredging operations, which are necessary due to high siltation rates, reduce contaminant loading by periodically removing the upper harbor sediment layers. The response of test organisms during sediment toxicity and bioaccumulation studies showed negligible effects from sediment toxicity. The environmental quality at an offshore dredge disposal site for the harbor is not measurable affected. Urban runoff via storm drains and tributaries is an important nonpoint source of contaminant exposure to the Pearl Harbor ecosystem. Most contaminants experience extensive physical, chemical, and biological, modification after entering the harbor environment. Certain contaminants, including PCBS, petroleum hydrocarbons, and silver, were reported at sufficiently elevated sediment concentrations to warrant environmental concern in some harbor regions and may warrant further evaluation. The overall sediment quality in Pearl Harbor, however, is less degraded than that of many U. S. mainland coastal harbors. Further detailed study of the abundance and distribution of important marine resources in Pearl Harbor is recommended.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the formation and maintenance of the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) in the Yongjiang estuary, which is well-mixed and features abundant suspended sediment sourced from the adjacent sea area.
Abstract: Understanding the sediment transport processes, especially the formation and maintenance of the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) in estuaries is essential for dealing with harbour siltation and the related estuarine environmental issues. To gain insight into the mechanism of sediment dynamics and ETM formation in the Yongjiang estuary (YE), which is well-mixed and features abundant suspended sediment sourced from the adjacent sea area, field observations were conducted in June 2015. The flow velocity, salinity, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were synchronously measured over a 25-h tidal cycle along the YE and its adjacent sea area. Observations showed that there was abundant suspended sediment exchanging between the YE and its adjacent sea area. In particular, there existed an obvious difference in the single or twin peak SSC signals in different stations during a semi-diurnal tidal cycle, especially between the inner-estuary and outer-estuary regions. Detailed analyses on the processes of sediment transport showed that, in the outer sea area, the tidal-driven advection of suspended sediment was dominant to the temporal distribution of SSC, which was featured by a single peak signal in a semi-diurnal tidal cycle. For the estuarine channel, the landward transport of high-concentration suspended sediment by the flood current from the sea region was the major inducement of peak SSC signals in the lower reach of the YE, while the effect of bed sediment resuspension was mainly responsible for the peak signals during the ebb period. Unlike the formation of ETM in highly stratified or partially mixed estuaries, the ETM in the YE, which is located approximately 7 km upstream from the estuary mouth, was mainly controlled by the effect of tidal asymmetry, together with the contributions made by local resuspension of bed sediment and possible fluid mud. Some other possible factors, such as deflocculation, may also impact the formation and maintenance of the ETM in the YE, but further study is needed in the future.

15 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023122
2022214
202159
202072
201964
201871