Siltation

About: Siltation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1420 publications have been published within this topic receiving 20983 citations.

Siltation and Egg Survival in Incubation Channels

Abstract: Fall-chinook salmon eggs in Abernathy incubation channel suffered as much as 85% mortality when 15 to 30% of the voids in the gravel beds were filled with sediment. With one 70-foot section of the channel used as a silt-settling basin, the mortality was reduced to 10% or less. We believe that a siltation control system consisting of a flushable sand trap and settling basin constitute the most economical means of reducing the amount of sediment entering this and similar channels.

A review of sediment quantity issues: Examples from the River Ebro and adjacent basins (Northeastern Spain)

Abstract: Sediment flows naturally through the drainage network, from source areas to deposition zones. Sedimentary disequilibrium in rivers and coastlines is related to the imbalance within the fluvial system caused mostly by dams, instream mining, and changes in land use. This phenomenon is also responsible for ecological perturbations in rivers and streams. A broad need exists to establish comprehensive management strategies (soft measures) that would go beyond site-specific engineering practices (technical measures) typically taken to solve particular problems. Long-term programs are also required to monitor sediment transport in river basins, in order to assess the magnitude and variability of sediment transfer and potential deficits. This paper shows examples of rivers with important sediment disequilibrium in the Ebro and adjacent basins. These basins, like most in the Iberian Peninsula, experience sediment discontinuity in the catchment–river–coast system. Reservoir siltation is the main quantitative issue. Land use change and especially gravel mining downstream from dams accentuate the process. We also present and discuss recent developments on water and sediment management undertaken to improve the morphosedimentary dynamics of rivers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:256–268. © 2010 SETAC

Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in a Midwestern Plains Stream

Abstract: Functional group structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities was compared among three distinct reaches of the Redwood River, a plains stream in southwestern Minnesota. Deciduous leaf-fall comprised the allochthonous organic input to the upstream site, typical of a woodland stream; at the middle site, fine particulate organic matter, derived from soils in agricultural croplands, comprised the main allochthonous import; and at the lower site, soil-derived particulates and zooplankton from an impoundment comprised the main organic import. Mineral fine particulates, primarily silt, entered the stream during most of the year. The upstream site was most similar to other woodland streams in its functional invertebrate structure, with shredders and collectors both well represented. In the middle and downstream communities, collectors were quantitatively most important, with gatherers in depositional reaches and filterers in erosional reaches. Instability of physical habitat, influenced by heavy siltation f...