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Sinus (anatomy)

About: Sinus (anatomy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12507 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185954 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The anatomy, clinical manifestations, angiographic evaluation, indications for therapy, and therapeutic options for spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas are discussed.
Abstract: ✓ An anatomical-angiographic classification for carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas is introduced and a series of 14 patients with spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas is reviewed to illustrate the usefulness of such a classification for patient evaluation and treatment. Fistulas are divided into four types: Type A are direct high-flow shunts between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus; Type B are dural shunts between meningeal branches of the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus; Type C are dural shunts between meningeal branches of the external carotid artery and the cavernous sinus; and Type D are dural shunts between meningeal branches of both the internal and external carotid arteries and the cavernous sinus. The anatomy, clinical manifestations, angiographic evaluation, indications for therapy, and therapeutic options for spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas are discussed.

1,028 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Coronal plane computerized tomographic scanning has dramatically improved the imaging of paranasal sinus anatomy as compared to sinus radiographs, and subtle bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities of this region are being detected.
Abstract: Coronal plane computerized tomographic (CT) scanning has dramatically improved the imaging of paranasal sinus anatomy as compared to sinus radiographs. Increasingly, subtle bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities of this region are being detected. Data regarding the “background” prevalence of these findings are needed to determine their clinical relevance. A detailed analysis of coronal plane CT scans of the paranasal sinuses obtained in 202 consecutively imaged patients was conducted. Special attention was directed toward identifying bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities. Anatomic variations studied included pneumatization of the middle turbinate, paradoxical curvature of the middle turbi-nate, Haller's cells, and pneumatization of the unci-nate process. Such bony anatomic variations were detected in 131 (64.9%) of 202 patients and were found with a similar frequency in patients scanned for sinus complaints and in those scanned for nonsinus reasons. Mucosal abnormalities were detected in 168 (83.2%) of 202 patients. For those patients scanned during the evaluation of sinus-like complaints, mucosal abnormalities were noted in 153 (92.2%) of 166 cases, and were predominantly detected in the anterior ethmoid region. For patients scanned during nonsinus evaluations, mucosal abnormalities were detected in 15 (41.7%) of 36 cases, without predilection for the anterior ethmoid region. Discussion regarding the prevalence and clinical significance of paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities is included as a guide to assist the otolaryngologist and/or radiologist in the evaluation of coronal sinus CT scans.

916 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Messerklinger technique as discussed by the authors is a primarily diagnostic endoscopic concept demonstrating that the frontal and the maxillary sinuses are subordinate cavities, with infections of these latter sinuses thus usually being of secondary nature.
Abstract: The Messerklinger technique is a primarily diagnostic endoscopic concept demonstrating that the frontal and the maxillary sinuses are subordinate cavities. Disease usually starts in the nose and spreads through the ethmoidal prechambers to the frontal and maxillary sinuses, with infections of these latter sinuses thus usually being of secondary nature. Standard rhinoscopy and sinus X-rays are frequently not sufficient to demonstrate the underlying causes for chronic or recurring acute sinusitis in the clefts of the anterior ethmoidal sinuses. The combination of diagnostic endoscopy of the lateral nasal wall with conventional or computed tomography in the coronal plane has proven to be the ideal method for the examination of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses. In so doing, diseases and lesions that other-wise might have gone undiagnosed can be identified and consequently treated. Based on this diagnostic approach, an endoscopic surgical concept was developed, aiming for the underlying causes of sinus diseases instead of the secondarily involved larger sinuses. With usually very limited surgical procedures, diseased ethmoid compartments are operated on, stenotic clefts widened and prechambers to the frontal and maxillary sinuses freed from disease. In our experience, there is rarely a need for major manipulations inside the larger sinuses per se. Based on exact diagnosis, the surgical technique used allows a very individualized staging according to the prevailing pathology. In the extreme, a total sphenoethmoidectomy can be performed with this technique, although the true advantage of the technique is that even in cases of massive disease such radical procedures can be avoided. By reestablishing sinus ventilation and drainage via the natural ostia, there is also no need for fenestration of the inferior meatus. The Messerklinger technique can be applied to a wide spectrum of indications, apart from nasal polyposis. The technique has its clear limits as well as its specific problems. Adequate training and experience are required for the surgical approach, as the technique bears all the risks and hazards of all kinds of endonasal ethmoid surgery but has a minimal complication rate in the hands of an experienced surgeon. Results and complications of a series of more than 4500 patients over a period of over 10 years are presented and discussed in detail.

805 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Systematic nasal endoscopy and high-resolution computed tomographic imaging provide complementary diagnostic information that can allow for the recognition of problems not identifiable by other means.
Abstract: • The keys to functional endoscopic sinus surgery are an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of paranasal sinus disease and the ability to diagnose the causes accurately. Previously unrecognized causes of recurrent acute sinusitis and of chronic sinus symptomatology can now be identified by careful diagnostic evaluation. Systematic nasal endoscopy and high-resolution computed tomographic imaging provide complementary diagnostic information that can allow for the recognition of problems not identifiable by other means. The ability to diagnose these problems and to correct them with functional endoscopic surgery heralds new possibilities in the field. ( Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:576-582)

684 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Headache and ear symptoms directly dependent upon disturbed function of the mandibular joint frequently occur in cases showing sufficient pathology about the sinuses to otherwise account for them.
Abstract: Headache and ear symptoms directly dependent upon disturbed function of the mandibular joint frequently occur in cases showing sufficient pathology about the sinuses to otherwise account for them. ...

640 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20229
2021493
2020521
2019446
2018441
2017492