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Showing papers on "SISAL published in 1996"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1996-Polymer
TL;DR: The effect of chemical treatment on the tensile properties of sisal fiber-reinforced LDPE composites was investigated in this article, where various chemical treatments were carried out to improve the bonding at the fibre polymer interface.

666 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the tensile properties of polystyrene reinforced with short sisal fiber and benzoylated sisal fibers were studied by using IR spectroscopy, and the properties were found to be almost independent of fiber length although the ultimate tensile strength shows marginal improvement at 10 mm fiber length.
Abstract: The tensile properties of polystyrene reinforced with short sisal fiber and benzoylated sisal fiber were studied. The influence of fiber length, fiber content, fiber orientation, and ben-zoylation of the fiber on the tensile properties of the composite were evaluated. The ben-zoylation of the fiber improves the adhesion of the fiber to the polystyrene matrix. the benzoylated fiber was analyzed by IR spectroscopy. Experimental results indicate a better compatibility between benzoylated fiber and polystyrene. the benzoylation of the sisal fiber was found to enhance the tensile properties of the resulting composite. The tensile properties of unidirectionally aligned composites show a gradual increase with fiber content and a leveling off beyond 20% fiber loading. The properties were found to be almost independent of fiber length although the ultimate tensile strength shows marginal improvement at 10 mm fiber length. The thermal properties of the composites were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the fiber surface, fiber pullout, and fiber–matrix interface. Theoretical models have been used to fit the experimental mechanical data. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

319 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanical properties of sisal fiber composites of several thermoset resin matrices, [polyester, epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde] and a thermoplastic matrix [low density polyethylene (LDPE)] were evaluated with respect to fibre length and fibre loading.

224 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of several chemical treatments, viz. organotitanate, zirconate, silane, and N-substituted methacrylamide, on the properties of sisal fibers used as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin (∼50 vol%) was investigated.
Abstract: The effect of several chemical treatments, viz. organotitanate, zirconate, silane, and N-substituted methacrylamide, on the properties of sisal fibers used as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin (∼50 vol%) was investigated. An improvement in the properties was observed when sisal fibers were modified with surface treatments. Under humid conditions, a decrease of 30 to 44% in tensile and 50 to 70% in flexural strength has been noted. The strength retention of surface-treated composites (except silane) is high compared with untreated composites. It is observed that N-substituted methacrylamide-treated sisal composites exhibited better properties under dry as well as wet conditions. Fractographic evidence such as fiber breakage/splitting and matrix adherence on the pulled-out fiber surface explains such behavior.

174 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanical properties of these composites have been investigated with reference to the effects of orientation and composition of fibers in them, and it has been observed that the composites contining longitudinally oriented fibers exhibit better mechanical properties than those with randomly oriented ones.
Abstract: Hybrid composites of low density polyethylene (LDPE) reinforced with intimately mixed short sisal and glass fibers were prepared by solution mixing technique. The mechanical properties of these composites have been investigated with reference to the effects of orientation and composition of fibers in them. It has been observed that the composites contining longitudinally oriented fibers exhibit better mechanical properties than those with randomly oriented ones. Also it is seen that the mechanical properties increase with increase in the volume fraction of glass fibers in the hybrid composites. The effict of chemical modification of sisal fibers on the properties of 50:50 sisal/glass fiber composites has also been studied. The hybrid effect was calculated by the additive rule of hybrid mixtures using the mechanical properties of individual composites. A positive hybrid effect was echibited by the composites for all the mechanical properties except for elongation at break.

64 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Soil fertility decline and fallow effects were studied in Ferralsol-Acrisol catenas of plantations of sisal in north-east Tanzania, and there had been a serious decline in soil fertility, and this decline was not adequately reversed by fallowing.
Abstract: Soil fertility decline and fallow effects were studied in Ferralsol-Acrisol catenas of plantations of sisal (Agave sisalana) in north-east Tanzania. The fertility of Ferralsols that had been subject to continuous sisal cultivation in the absence of fertilizers was extremely low but that of Ferralsols that had been under 18 years of bush fallow or under secondary forest was slightly better. Acrisols that had been under continuous sisal cultivation were less depleted than the Ferralsols because of greater intrinsic fertility. A comparison of soil analytical data from the 1950s and 1960s with recent data from the same sisal fields showed that the topsoil pH of the Ferralsols had decreased by 1.5 (r2 = 0.807) and that of the Acrisols by 1.2 (r2 = 0.494) under continuous sisal cultivation. Thus there had been a serious decline in soil fertility under sisal cultivation, and this decline was not adequately reversed by fallowing.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Sisal fibers are used for the reinforcement of a polypropylene matrix and the compatibilization between the two materials is assumed through treatment of cellulosic fibers with a male-graft-MA.
Abstract: Sisal fibers are used for the reinforcement of a polypropylene matrix The compatibilization between the two materials is assumed through treatment of cellulosic fibers with a maleated polypropylene (PP-graft-MA) The influence of different parameters is studied: fibers fraction, washing of raw fibers, chemical treatment of the fibers in a solvent or during extrusion, rate of maleic anhydride in PP-graft-MA and the rate of PP-graft-MA in the composites The effects of these parameters are evaluated by determination of the mechanical properties of the composites (impact strength and breaking stress) and by the quantity of water sorbed by the composites The elimination of pectic substances by washing of the fibers is favorable for the mechanical properties of the composites and also reduces their water sorption The grafting of the fibers by PP-graft-MA enhances both the impact strength and the breaking stress

16 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: A formal definition of the dynamic semantics of a significant part of the language Sisal 2.0 is presented in the structural operational style of Natural Semantics, using Typol inference rules within the Centaur system, a generic specification environment.
Abstract: We present a formal definition of the dynamic semantics of a significant part of the language Sisal 2.0 in the structural operational style of Natural Semantics, using Typol inference rules within the Centaur system, a generic specification environment. Sisal is a strongly typed, applicative, single assignment language in use on a variety of parallel processors, including conventional multiprocessors, vector machines and data-flow machines.

4 citations


Patent
11 Oct 1996
TL;DR: A method for making an activated carbon composite which involves providing a cross-linkable resin and a support material which is wettable by the resin is described in this paper. But this method requires the support material to be made from non-fugitive materials such as cotton, chopped wood, sisal, and combinations of these.
Abstract: A method for making an activated carbon composite which involves providing a cross-linkable resin and a support material which is wettable by the resin. The support material can be cotton, chopped wood, sisal, non-fugitive material, and combinations of these. The support is contacted with the resin; and the resin and support material are dried. The resin and support material are then shaped, the resin is cured, and the resin and any carbonizable material are carbonized. The carbon is then activated to produce the product composite. An activated carbon composite produced by the above described method in which the carbon is in the form of a continuous structure reinforced by and uniformly distributed throughout non-fugitive support material.

2 citations


Proceedings Article
01 Jan 1996

1 citations