Topic
Sister chromatid exchange
About: Sister chromatid exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3187 publications have been published within this topic receiving 90029 citations. The topic is also known as: replication-born DSB repair by SCE & GO:1990414.
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TL;DR: In relation to non-smokers, smokers exposed to vinyl chloride show significant increases in sister-chromatid exchange frequencies, and the problem of correlating the results of the chromosome aberration assay with micronucleus and sister- chromosomes exchange frequencies is discussed.
Abstract: The mutagenic effects of vinyl chloride monomer in man were studied in the lymphocyte culture with 3 methods: the chromosome aberration assay, the micronucleus assay and the sister-chromatid exchange method. Compared with control, values obtained by these tests are increased in workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride. In relation to non-smokers, smokers exposed to vinyl chloride show significant increases in sister-chromatid exchange frequencies. The problem of correlating the results of the chromosome aberration assay with micronucleus and sister-chromatid exchange frequencies is discussed.
29 citations
TL;DR: SCE mediated by rat MEC is better correlated with carcinogenecity in rat than L.I., SCE, and in vivo carcinogen ECity for the 5 PAHs, while BA was significantly less effective (30% reduction).
Abstract: Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of different carcinogenic activities were evaluated for their effects on DNA synthesis ({sup 3}HTdR labeling index (L.I.)) of rat and human mammary epithelial cells (MEC) and for their effects on chromosomes in MEC-mediated sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays. When compared with DMSO-treated cells, exposures of rat MEC to the two most potent carcinogens, i.e., 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), resulted in a 45-62% reduction in the L.I. of rat MEC. Another carcinogen, 20-methylcholanthrene (MCA), produced a 35-48% reduction in L.I., while the noncarcinogenic PAHs, 1,2-benzanthracene (BA) and benzo(e)pyrene (B(e)P), showed no effect. Similarly, exposures of human MEC to DMBA and B(a)P resulted in a 50-90% depression in L.I. while BA was significantly less effective. When co-cultivated with Chinese hamster V-79 cells in the presence of PAH, both rat and human MEC can activate and release the active metabolites to induce SCE in V-79 cells. Comparing depression of L.I., SCE, and in vivo carcinogenicity for the 5 PAHs, SCE mediated by rat MEC is better correlated with carcinogenicity in rat than L.I. depression.
29 citations
TL;DR: Measurements of SCE formation and survival show that the hypersensitivity of the XP12RO(SV40) cell line is not typical of the primary strain from which the transformed line was derived, nor it is typical of other primary strains also belonging to complementation group A.
Abstract: A transformed cell line, XP12RO(SV40) has previosly been found to be hypersensitive to several chemical mutagens including ethyl methanesulphonate, as judged by sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) formation. The hypersensitivity of this line has been confirmed for SCE formation and extended to cell survival. Measurements of SCE formation and survival show, however, that the hypersensitivity of the XP12RO(SV40) cell line is not typical of the primary strain (XP12RO) from which the transformed line was derived, nor it is typical of other primary strains also belonging to complementation group A (XP4LO, XP25RO). These results suggest that reports based on single cell lines must be viewed with caution and that the relationship between unexcised damage in DNA and SCE production is uncertain.
29 citations
TL;DR: Induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) was examined as a function of post-embryonic development in C57BL/6J mice and Wistar rat bone marrow cells.
Abstract: Induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) was examined as a function of post-embryonic development in C57BL/6J mice and Wistar rat bone marrow cells. At low concentrations of three different mutag
29 citations
TL;DR: Flow cytometric analysis of the temperature-sensitive mutants exhibiting chromosomal instability indicated that many of the mutants were arrested in the S or S to G2 phases of the cell cycle at the nonpermissive temperature, accompanied by a decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis.
Abstract: Twenty-five temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were isolated from Chinese hamster CHO-K1 cells after mutagenization withN-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Of 13 complementation groups identified, nine exhibited chromosomal instability at a nonpermissive temperature. They were classified into three major classes according to inducibility of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and/or chromosomal aberration (CA): class 1 resulted in predominant SCEs, class 2 manifested both SCEs and CAs, and class 3 exhibited higher induction of CAs. Flow cytometric analysis of the mutants exhibiting chromosomal instability indicated that many of the mutants were arrested in the S or S to G2 phases of the cell cycle at the nonpermissive temperature, accompanied by a decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis. These results imply that ts defects are related to some points in DNA replication and might be responsible for the induction of SCEs and/or CAs at the nonpermissive temperature.
29 citations