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Sister chromatid exchange

About: Sister chromatid exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3187 publications have been published within this topic receiving 90029 citations. The topic is also known as: replication-born DSB repair by SCE & GO:1990414.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both the frequency and location of SCEs induced at different times within the DNA synthesis period varies in a manner indicating that exchange induction is restricted to regions which replicated during or after DNA damage.
Abstract: The combination of 8-methoxypsoralen and near UV light is highly effective in inducing sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Appreciable increases in SCEs can be effected by treatments compatible with cell survival, and effects of a single dose of alkylation persist over multiple generations. Both the frequency and location of SCEs induced at different times within the DNA synthesis period varies in a manner indicating that exchange induction is restricted to regions which replicated during or after DNA damage.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the frequency of SCE increases linearly with age and that smoking enhances the frequencyof SCE independently of age and sex.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ctf4 and Chl1 delineate an additional acetylation-independent pathway that might hold important clues as to the mechanism of sister chromatid cohesion establishment, and show that each of these factors facilitates cohesin acetylations.
Abstract: Cohesion between sister chromatids, mediated by the chromosomal cohesin complex, is a prerequisite for their alignment on the spindle apparatus and segregation in mitosis Budding yeast cohesin first associates with chromosomes in G1 Then, during DNA replication in S-phase, the replication fork-associated acetyltransferase Eco1 acetylates the cohesin subunit Smc3 to make cohesin’s DNA binding resistant to destabilization by the Wapl protein Whether stabilization of cohesin molecules that happen to link sister chromatids is sufficient to build sister chromatid cohesion, or whether additional reactions are required to establish these links, is not known In addition to Eco1, several other factors contribute to cohesion establishment, including Ctf4, Ctf18, Tof1, Csm3, Chl1 and Mrc1, but little is known about their roles Here, we show that each of these factors facilitates cohesin acetylation Moreover, the absence of Ctf4 and Chl1, but not of the other factors, causes a synthetic growth defect in cells lacking Eco1 Distinct from acetylation defects, sister chromatid cohesion in ctf4Δ and chl1Δ cells is not improved by removing Wapl Unlike previously thought, we do not find evidence for a role of Ctf4 and Chl1 in Okazaki fragment processing, or of Okazaki fragment processing in sister chromatid cohesion Thus, Ctf4 and Chl1 delineate an additional acetylation-independent pathway that might hold important clues as to the mechanism of sister chromatid cohesion establishment

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The increased frequency of chromatid exchanges in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation was quite unexpected and may be attributed to the action of some unrecognized life-style or occupational factors, or to be a result of radiation-induced genomic instability.
Abstract: Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 175,229 cells from 1113 individuals, both unexposed and occupationally or environmentally exposed to heavy metals (mercury and lead), organic (styrene, formaldehyde, phenol and benzo(a)pyrene) and inorganic (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and ammonium fluorides) volatile substances and/or ionizing radiation was performed. In addition, 11,250 cells from 225 individuals were scored for the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). Increased frequencies of CA were found in all occupationally exposed groups. A principal difference between the exposure to heavy metals and organic substances was found: increase in the CA frequency was dependent on duration of exposure to mercury but not dependent on duration of exposure to styrene, formaldehyde and phenol. A higher CA incidence was found in lymphocytes of children living in the vicinity of a plant manufacturing phosphate fertilizers. This indicates that children are a sensitive study group for the assessment of environmental exposure. However, the results of SCE analysis in these children were inconclusive. Exposure to ionizing radiation was found to cause chromosome breaks and chromatid exchanges in Chernobyl clean-up workers and chromatid breaks, chromatid exchanges, dicentric chromosomes and chromosome translocations in workers from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The increased frequency of chromatid exchanges in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation was quite unexpected. This may be attributed to the action of some unrecognized life-style or occupational factors, or to be a result of radiation-induced genomic instability. Also an increased SCE frequency was found in lymphocytes of Chernobyl clean-up workers.

73 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothesis that 900 MHz radiofrequency field exposure induces DNA damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes in this range of SAR does not support the hypothesis.
Abstract: Human peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers have been employed to investigate the induction of genotoxic effects following 2 h exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation The GSM signal has been studied at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 03 and 1 W/kg The exposures were carried out in a waveguide system under strictly controlled conditions of both dosimetry and temperature The same temperature conditions (370 ± 01 °C) were realized in a second waveguide, employed to perform sham exposures The induction of DNA damage was evaluated in leukocytes by applying the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay, while structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were evaluated in lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin Alterations in kinetics of cell proliferation were determined by calculating the mitotic index Positive controls were also provided by using methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) for comet assay and mitomycin-C (MMC), for chromosome aberration, or sister chromatid exchange tests No statistically significant differences were detected in exposed samples in comparison with sham exposed ones for all the parameters investigated On the contrary, the positive controls gave a statistically significant increase in DNA damage in all cases, as expected Thus the results obtained in our experimental conditions do not support the hypothesis that 900 MHz radiofrequency field exposure induces DNA damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes in this range of SAR Bioelectromagnetics 26:258–265, 2005 © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc

73 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20238
202222
20215
202011
201914
201811