Showing papers on "Situational ethics published in 1972"

Situational Determinism in Economics

Abstract: Introduction. 1 Perfect and Monopolistic Competition: Two Variations on the Neoclassical Programme of Situational Determinism. (a) Perfect Competition and Monopoly. (b) Monopolistic Competition. (c) Duopoly and Oligopoly: Two Apparent Exceptions. 2 Stagnation of the Neoclassical Programme of Situational Determinism and Emergence of Rivals. (a) The Appraisal of Perfect and Monopolistic Competition. (b) Popper's Rationality Principle. (c) The Emergence of Economic Behaviouralism. 3 An Appendix on Methodological Controversies: Falsificationism, Conventionalism and Research Programmes in Economics. (a) Neoclassical Apologetics versus Falsificationism. (b) A Falsificationist Plea for Metaphysical Statements in Economics. (c) The 'F-tzvist' versus Chamberlinian 'Realism'.

Agape: An Ethical Analysis

Abstract: This study is the most comprehensive account to date of modern treatments of the love commandment. Gene Outka examines the literature on agape from Nygren's Agape and Eros in 1930. Both Roman Catholic and Protestant writings are considered, including those of D'Arcy, Niebuhr, Ramsey, Tillich, and above all, Karl Barth. The first seven chapters focus on the principal treatments in the theological literature as they relate to major topics in ethical theory. The last chapter explores further the basic normative content of agape and discusses some of the most characteristic problems. "The book is in my judgment the best recent work in religious ethics. Outka brings together analytic moral philosophy and theological ethics, providing a masterly survey of views and issues arising in the past forty years...I can think of few books of interest to scholars in both philosophy and theology, but Outka's is one. Unlike some scholars who are at home in continental theology, Outka is also at home in secular analytic philosophy; he brings them together in a mutually illuminating way." -Donald Evans "Outka has mastered this vast literature on love, and has brought a critical and clarifying analysis to bear upon it. This is a most important book on a most important subject, and brings the whole discussion into a new phase."-John Macquarrie "The first thing to be said about Outka's book quite simply is that it is excellent; in fact, it is probably the very best available book about contemporary Christian ethical theory."-The Humanities Association Review

Management Science and Management: Implementing Management Science Via Situational Normativism

Abstract: Implementation of management science via situational normativism, a descriptive-normative approach to decision making, is discussed The situational normativism process involves a search by manager and management scientist for a synthesized situational frame of understanding involving analytic and heuristic knowledge, as discussed in the paper within which solutions to the decision situation problem can be found Implementation constraints eg, cognitive style constraints and political constraints are explicitly considered A situational normativism organization development concept is suggested Mutual understanding between scientist and manager evolves from and is fed to the situational normativism search process Unity of science and management, implementation, and organization system development---in the sense of attaining evolved-in-the-process goals---are viewed as natural corollaries of working towards a synthesized situational frame of understanding via situational normativism Some examples illustrating aspects of the organization development concept arising from practice are presented

Situational Assessment and Intervention

Abstract: There is evident now a rich renewal of development in situation theory and of the situational approach within a comprehensive, eclectic framework for practice

An Evaluation of the General Theory of Marketing

Abstract: ever, it must be pointed out that felt anxiety, and presumably dissonance, is a situational phenomenon. Thus, while some may be more prone to experience dissonance than others, whether or not an individual will experience dissonance in a given situation depends upon the interaction between that individual and a specific situation. There is an obvious need for additional research into the relationship between anxiety and dissonance. Specifically, is dissonance a specific form of state (temporary) anxiety? Do individuals vary in their tendency to experience dissonance? The STAI which has separate scales for the measurement of chronic and temporary anxiety appears to be a useful instrument for approaching these and related problems.

A relationship between cognitive style and complex decision making; implications for business policy.

Abstract: Differences in quality among decisions have been explained using situational cognitive and motivational variables. This study was designed to explain quality differences in complex decisions by dif...

Program Evaluation: Social Research Versus Public Policy

Abstract: Program evaluation employs social research to determine whether or how well a public program is working. It has become a big industry in recent years, as the federal government has increasingly required that domestic social-action and economic development programs be evaluated, and as growing numbers of professionals and technicians in private firms, government agencies, and universities have become practitioners and experts in this well-funded field of applied social research. As a relatively new technical enterprise, evaluation research has no determinate form, and its method is one largely of trial and error with the emphasis on error, if recent "evaluations of evaluations" (another growth industry) are any indication. There seem to be many more wrong than right ways to conduct program evaluations. Others have written extensively about the differences in values, attitudes, interests, and needs that divide social researchers and program administrators, and about the many occasions within evaluation research projects when these differences may be expressed in tension and conflict between them.1 Many personal and situational factors have been identified in explanation of these role conflicts. One of the most important is that evaluation research, as applied to broad social action and

The problem of hostility psychologically and theologically considered.

Abstract: The subject of this paper is not an evanescent experience, as when we get angry, suggesting a momentary or passing experience; rather, hostility is the way we are in our world. It is a category of mood that is one of Hei degger's ways of understanding human existence.1 Hostility, descrip tive of human existence, is one of the ways we participate in the world. Therefore, we are not dealing with a side issue, or just a psychological happening, or a pathological occurrence. Hostility is nuclear to the human situation as we know it. It pervades our being and is, or should be, a primary concern of the church. In what follows we shall examine the psychoanalytic understanding of hostility, move to a theological appraisal, attempt a reformulation, and conclude with some implications for the life of the church. We shall not concern ourselves with what may be called situational anger, which is a relatively brief, transient reaction to an immediate or fairly immediate stimulus. This is probably what was in the mind of the Psalmist: "Be angry [literally, be enraged] but sin not; commune with your own hearts on your beds, and be silent." (Ps. 4:4). The writer of Ephesians views such anger similarly: "Be angry but do not sin; do not let the sun go down on your anger, and give no opportunity to the devil." (Eph. 4:26, 27).

Conceptualization and Research: Two Unsolved Dilemmas

Abstract: “Dilemmas” and “dichotomies” are common expressions in the literature of the social sciences. One major situational dilemma and conceptual dichotomy is apparent in discussions by social workers on the relationship between theory and practice in daily work.

Problem Solving Behavior of Teenagers: An Indicator for Classroom Management.

Abstract: Youth were found to be responsive to a survey when asked for solutions to provocatively disruptive situations. The general purpose of this study was to determine whether these expressed solutions have some useful application to the problems of disruption. Description was measured through a situational survey and a self-description form filled out by the student alogg with a teacher rating of the student's behavior. The situational survey consisted of seven specific situations which were provocatively disruptive in nature, followed by a general questiop about annoying situations. The solutions to the survey were rated according to clinically oriented criteria of disruption. The results were generally minimal as far as any consistent or outstanding patterns of disruption. Signs of disruption in various solutions were not evident in the teacher's or student's self-index of disruption. It was concluded that the survey was valuable as a probe, leading to pertinent questions.. (Author/BW)