Showing papers on "Situational ethics published in 2019"
TL;DR: The concept of flexible emotion regulation is described and it is claimed that further studies should address the interaction of situational and dispositional factors in shaping the effectiveness of particular emotion regulation strategies.
Abstract: The number of studies and theoretical contributions on emotion regulation has grown rapidly. In this article we describe the concept of flexible emotion regulation. We argue that the effectiveness of specific emotion regulation strategies depends on the interaction of the features of a situation and personality characteristics of the individual regulating his/her emotions. We review a few recent theoretical contributions and studies that have attempted to capture some aspects of the flexibility of emotion regulation rather than distinguish between overly adaptive and maladaptive strategies. Moreover, we discuss potential personality determinants of effectiveness of particular regulatory strategies. We claim that further studies should address the interaction of situational and dispositional factors in shaping the effectiveness of particular emotion regulation strategies. So far, situational and personality determinants have been studied rather separately.
93 citations
TL;DR: This critical review aims to define and elaborate the concept of ‘comfort with uncertainty’ in clinical settings by juxtaposing a variety of frameworks and theories in ways that generate more deliberate ways of thinking about, and researching, this phenomenon.
Abstract: Learning to take safe and effective action in complex settings rife with uncertainty is essential for patient safety and quality care. Doing so is not easy for trainees, as they often consider certainty to be a necessary precursor for action and subsequently struggle in these settings. Understanding how skillful clinicians work comfortably when uncertain, therefore, offers an important opportunity to facilitate trainees' clinical reasoning development. This critical review aims to define and elaborate the concept of 'comfort with uncertainty' in clinical settings by juxtaposing a variety of frameworks and theories in ways that generate more deliberate ways of thinking about, and researching, this phenomenon. We used Google Scholar to identify theoretical concepts and findings relevant to the topics of 'uncertainty,' 'ambiguity,' 'comfort,' and 'confidence,' and then used preliminary findings to pursue parallel searches within the social cognition, cognition, sociology, sociocultural, philosophy of medicine, and medical education literatures. We treat uncertainty as representing the lived experience of individuals, reflecting the lack of confidence one feels that he/she has an incomplete mental representation of a particular problem. Comfort, in contrast, references confidence in one's capabilities to act (or not act) in a safe and effective manner given the situation. Clinicians' 'comfort with uncertainty' is informed by a variety of perceptual, emotional, and situational cues, and is enabled through a combination of self-monitoring and forward planning. Potential implications of using 'comfort with uncertainty' as a framework for educational and research programs are explored.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a multidimensional analysis of the British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus identifies clusters of linguistic features along four dimensions, onto which academic disciplines, disciplinary groups, levels of study, and genre families are mapped.
Abstract: While there have been many investigations of academic genres, and of the linguistic features of academic discourse, few studies have explored how these interact across a range of university student writing situations. To counter misconceptions that have arisen regarding student writing, this article aims to provide comprehensive linguistic descriptions of a wide range of university assignment genres in relation to multiple situational variables. Our new multidimensional (MD) analysis of the British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus identifies clusters of linguistic features along four dimensions, onto which academic disciplines, disciplinary groups, levels of study, and genre families are mapped. The dimensions are interpreted through text extracts as: (i) Compressed Procedural Information versus Stance towards the Work of Others; (ii) Personal Stance; (iii) Possible Events versus Completed Events; and (iv) Informational Density. Clusters of linguistic features from the comprehensive set of situational perspectives found across this framework can be selected to inform the teaching of a ‘common academic core’, and to inform the design of programmes tailored to the needs of specific disciplines.
61 citations
TL;DR: Developing a Model of Autonomous Technology Threat proposes both situational control and human uniqueness attitudes as common antecedents of users' general threat experience, which ultimately predicts reduced technology acceptance.
43 citations
TL;DR: The reflexive meta-narrative shows that the ethics of care lens is useful to untangle moral dilemmas in all participatory research-related paradigms for all engaged.
Abstract: In the field of participatory health research (PHR) and related action research paradigms, limitations of standard ethical codes and institutional review processes have been identified. PHR is highly situational and relational, part of a hierarchical health care context and therefore ethics of care has been suggested as a helpful theoretical approach that emphasises responsibilities and relationships. The purpose of this article is to explore the value of Tronto’s second-generation ethics of care for reflection on ethical challenges experienced by academic researchers. Using the design of a collaborative auto-ethnography, this article starts from a story of a researcher who deals with dilemmas in responsibility to care for co-researchers with lived experiences during a PHR study in the field of acute psychiatric care. By analysing the challenges together with all co-researchers, using a framework of ethics of care, we discovered the importance of self-care and existential safety for an ethical PHR...
42 citations
TL;DR: Seven studies demonstrate that people’s moral decisions, regardless of the presented dilemma, are biased by their decision-making mode and personal perspective, which underline the social challenge in the design of a universal moral code for autonomous vehicles.
Abstract: The development of artificial intelligence has led researchers to study the ethical principles that should guide machine behavior. The challenge in building machine morality based on people’s moral decisions, however, is accounting for the biases in human moral decision-making. In seven studies, this paper investigates how people’s personal perspectives and decision-making modes affect their decisions in the moral dilemmas faced by autonomous vehicles. Moreover, it determines the variations in people’s moral decisions that can be attributed to the situational factors of the dilemmas. The reported studies demonstrate that people’s moral decisions, regardless of the presented dilemma, are biased by their decision-making mode and personal perspective. Under intuitive moral decisions, participants shift more towards a deontological doctrine by sacrificing the passenger instead of the pedestrian. In addition, once the personal perspective is made salient participants preserve the lives of that perspective, i.e. the passenger shifts towards sacrificing the pedestrian, and vice versa. These biases in people’s moral decisions underline the social challenge in the design of a universal moral code for autonomous vehicles. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide directions for future research.
40 citations
TL;DR: It is found that situational factors inhibited both private and public low-carbon behaviors, and in different groups based on age, gender, income, education, and other variables there were differences in impact effects.
36 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the effects of socio-demographic and situational factors on childless expectations are channeled predominantly through repeated childbearing postponement, and that it is problematic to assign expected and unexpected childlessness labels to the reproductive experience of childless women.
Abstract: Using nineteen panels of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY-79), we construct life-lines characterizing women's childless expectations and fertility behavior. One-quarter of women in the NLSY-79 cohort ever reported an expectation for childlessness but only 14.8 percent of women remain childless. Childless women follow two predominant life course paths: (1) repeated postponement of childbearing and the subsequent adoption of a childless expectation at older ages or (2) indecision about parenthood signaled through vacillating reports of childless expectations across various ages. We also find that more than one in ten women became a mother after considering childlessness: an understudied group in research on childlessness and childbearing preferences. These findings reaffirm that it is problematic to assign expected and unexpected childlessness labels to the reproductive experience of childless women. In addition, despite their variability over time, childless expectations strongly predict permanent childlessness, regardless of the age when respondents offer them. Longitudinal logistic regression analysis of these childless expectations indicates a strong effect of childbearing postponement among the increasingly selective group of childless women. However, net of this postponement, few variables commonly associated with childlessness are associated with reports of a childless expectation. We thus conclude that the effects of socio-demographic and situational factors on childless expectations are channeled predominantly through repeated childbearing postponement.
34 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored the relationship among complex risk (constraining) factors leading to burnout and attrition, as well as protective (enabling) factors that allow teachers to adapt and thrive within stressful school settings.
Abstract: This study aims to explore the construct of teacher resilience. Researchers examined the relationship among complex risk (constraining) factors leading to burnout and attrition, as well as protective (enabling) factors that allow teachers to adapt and thrive within stressful school settings.,This paper presents results from three focus groups comprised of 33 English language arts teachers across diverse school districts. Utilizing situational analysis, developed from grounded theory, the research plan included six stages: development of initial situational map honoring theoretical sensitivity, theoretical sampling, data collection, coding, memoing, sorting, revising of the initial map based on analysis and literature review to develop the relational map.,Three propositions emerged beginning to comprise a theory of teacher resilience. (1) Resilient teachers embed roots in their school communities to withstand challenges, pulling from a sense of purpose to navigate constraining factors and benefit from enabling factors. (2) Resilient teachers embrace uncertainty, reframing negative experiences into learning experiences. Reframing helps teachers retain power, not cede it to situations, which helps balance constraining and enabling factors. (3) Teachers use relationships with colleagues, students and school leaders to endure challenges. The dynamic interaction between internal and external enabling and constraining factors is depicted on the situational map illustrating how factors counterbalance to either predict positive outcomes such as resilience and agency or negative outcomes such as burnout or attrition.,Despite a robust international evidence base, there is a dearth of US studies exploring teacher resilience. This study proposes a theory of teacher resilience relevant to US schools and recommends practical applications and future research.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of 78 formal interviews conducted over a period of 13 months with leaders in a high-growth retail organization and identified four themes involving important aspects of leadership including, formal, shared, situational, and paradoxical leadership.
33 citations
TL;DR: This article developed a cognitive-affective personality system theory about the role of situational cues, personality, and mindsets regarding the plasticity of one's attributes in determining when this will occur and how the related dysfunctional dynamics may be mitigated.
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Situational Action Theory (SAT) as mentioned in this paper is a general, dynamic and mechanism-based theory of crime and its causes that analyzes crime as moral actions, where people ultimately commit acts of crime because they find them viable and acceptable in the circumstance and there is no relevant and strong enough deterrent.
Abstract: The core argument of Situational Action Theory (SAT) is that people ultimately commit acts of crime because they find them viable and acceptable in the circumstance (and there is no relevant and strong enough deterrent) or because they fail to act in accordance with their own personal morals (i.e., fail to exercise self-control) in circumstances when externally pressurised to act otherwise. Situational Action Theory is a general, dynamic and mechanism-based theory of crime and its causes that analyzes crime as moral actions. It proposes to explain all kinds of crime and rule-breaking more broadly (hence general), stresses the importance of the person-environment interaction and its changes (hence dynamic), and focuses on identifying key basic explanatory processes involved in crime causation (hence mechanistic). This chapter gives an overview of the basic assumptions, central concepts and key explanatory propositions of Situational Action Theory.
TL;DR: In this paper, an individual's morality is the central individual-level variable in predicting offending and low self-control will only predict offending among those with low morals, and the results support the theory.
Abstract: A theory that has started to receive increased empirical attention is Situational Action Theory. This theory argues that an individual’s morality is the central individual-level variable in predicting offending. It also hypothesizes that low self-control will only predict offending among those with low morals. Although this theory has been applied to street crime, the current study represents the first time it has been applied to white-collar crime. With the use of a scenario-based methodology, the results support the theory. Along with the implications of these findings, limitations and directions for future research are also presented.
12 Mar 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employ a holistic approach to injuries in everyday settings, examining spatial aspects of adolescents' injury events in residential situations, school situations, and suicidal situations, seeking to throw light on any reciprocal influence between situated activity and the physical environment in such events.
Abstract: This dissertation employs a holistic approach to injuries in everyday settings. It examines spatial aspects of adolescents’ injury events in residential situations, school situations, and suicidal situations, seeking to throw light on any reciprocal influence between situated activity and the physical environment in such events. Thus far, research has generally neglected to pay sufficient attention to everyday injuries and the more mundane sites where they occur. Previous studies on the topic have, moreover, been predominantly mono-disciplinary. Due to the complexity of injury research more broadly and injury prevention more specifically, this dissertation makes a conscious effort to go beyond such limitations. Applying an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary focus, it also aims to contribute to research on social sustainability more in general. The more theoretical aspects of the research are geared to providing a better understanding of injury events as something explicable and situated, that is to say, as neither random nor unpreventable. Towards this end, core concepts of architectural research are brought to bear on the interrelationship between humans, objects, and contexts (cf. Love, 2002), defined for the purposes of this dissertation as socio-spatial practice. From this perspective, injury events are then looked at as something resulting from the convergence of factors addressed by the key concepts just named, as something caused by elements traceable to routine or situational activities (cf. Cohen & Felson, 1979; Wikstrom, 2011). Analysing injury events within this conceptual framework, the causal mechanisms and emergent processes behind injury events can be not only identified, but also prevented, through the use of situational prevention strategies. What this implies is the translation of, mainly, the Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach into Injury Prevention through Environmental Design (IPTED). The research here is conducted using a mixed-method approach producing qualitative findings and quantitative data, so as to bridge the gap between the “how” and the “why” (cf. Clarke et al., 2015:13f.; Katz, 2001). The results put forth in this dissertation suggest situational prevention specifically aimed at spatial aspects to be a promising approach to injury prevention, having the capability to reduce the occurrence of injury events. In private residential settings, however, the strategy showed itself to be more limited in its efficiency, being more effective when applied in semi-private settings such as building entrances/ lobbies. A still more effective context for it was found to be institutional settings: in them the spatial aspect appeared to be of great importance in relation to injury situations and the degree of visibility. In schools, for instance, the results pointed out to a close relationship between the injury situation, the spatial organization, and the social organization. In such settings, certain injuries tended to cluster spatially due to the organization of day-to-day activities. Finally, the results suggest that also suicides and suicide attempts in semi-public and public spaces could be significantly reduced through carefully thought-out environmental interventions. At the same time, there remains a need for further analysis of the events and places involved in suicides and their attempts, to fully understand who commit them in these settings and why.
TL;DR: It is argued that children’s epistemic and moral judgments reveal practices of forgiveness and blame, trust and mistrust, and objection or disapproval and that such practices are supported by children”s monitoring of the situational constraints on agents.
Abstract: Children's evaluations of moral and epistemic agents crucially depend on their discerning that an agent's actions were performed intentionally. Here we argue that children's epistemic and moral judgments reveal practices of forgiveness and blame, trust and mistrust, and objection or disapproval and that such practices are supported by children's monitoring of the situational constraints on agents. Inherent in such practices is the understanding that agents are responsible for actions performed under certain conditions but not others. We discuss a range of situational constraints on children's early epistemic and moral evaluations and clarify how these situational constraints serve to support children's identification of intentional actions. By monitoring the situation, children distinguish intentional from less intentional action and selectively hold epistemic and moral agents accountable. We argue that these findings inform psychological and philosophical theorizing about attributions of moral and epistemic agency and responsibility.
TL;DR: However, crisis communication in government public relations has not been extens... as discussed by the authors showed that government agencies may face a crisis due to their inappropriate responses to natural or man-made disasters.
Abstract: Government agencies may face a crisis due to their inappropriate responses to natural or man-made disasters. However, crisis communication in government public relations has not been extens...
TL;DR: The authors' analysis revealed that the principles of respect and beneficence were explicitly conveyed in the documents analysed, but the invocations of the principle of justice were rather implicit and reflect an important shift from the Belmont Report’s protectionist ethical position towards more situational and dialogic approaches.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to illuminate the conceptualisations and applications of the Belmont Report’s key ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice based on a document analysis of five of the most relevant disciplinary guidelines on internet research in the social sciences. These seminal documents are meant to provide discipline-specific guidance for research design and implementation and are regarded as key references when conducting research online. Our analysis revealed that the principles of respect and beneficence were explicitly conveyed in the documents analysed, offering nuanced interpretations on issues of informed consent, privacy, and benefits and risks as well as providing recommendations for modifying traditional practices to fit the online setting. However, the invocations of the principle of justice were rather implicit and reflect an important shift from the Belmont Report’s protectionist ethical position towards more situational and dialogic approaches. With the rapidly evolving nature of internet technologies, this analysis is projected to contribute to the ongoing developments in research ethics in the social sciences by outlining the tensions and implications of the use of the internet as a methodological tool. We also seek to provide recommendations on how disciplinary associations can proceed to facilitate ethically sensitive internet research.
TL;DR: This paper set forth four modalities of the relationship between members of marginalized communities and the criminal justice system: subordination, consumption, resistance, and transformation, and called for new research, scholarship, and advocacy that takes seriously how members of communities that the criminal legal system most deeply and directly affects engage in these fluid and situational modalities.
Abstract: This article sets forth four modalities of the relationship between members of marginalized communities and the criminal justice system: subordination, consumption, resistance, and transformation. These modalities attempt to break out of traditional ways of thinking about community members’ formal roles in the system—defendants, witnesses, victims, judges, prosecutors, police officers, correctional officers, and the indeterminate but oft-invoked “community.” Instead, these modalities are fluid and situational. This article also calls for new research, scholarship, and advocacy that takes seriously how members of communities that the criminal legal system most deeply and directly affects engage in these fluid and situational modalities. Attention to the complexity of “community” is essential to creating lasting change in social systems of blame and punishment.
TL;DR: This article examined triggers of students' situational interest during lectures and found that most lectures fail to inspire students' interest, despite evidence that most lecture fails to do so, despite the fact that most lecturing is often touted as a means to inspire student interest.
Abstract: Lecturing is often touted as a means to inspire students’ interest, despite evidence that most lectures fail to do so. This study examines triggers of students' situational interest during ...
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Situational crime prevention as mentioned in this paper focuses on the settings for criminal acts rather than on the characteristics of offenders and provides a practical approach to improving safety and challenges criminological theories based on offenders' propensity for mischief.
Abstract: Situational crime prevention focuses on the settings for criminal acts rather than on the characteristics of offenders. It provides a practical approach to improving safety and challenges criminological theories based on offenders’ propensities for mischief. According to situational crime prevention, crime is the result of an interaction between disposition and situation. Offenders choose to commit crime based on their perceptions of available opportunities. Consequently, situational factors can stimulate crime and addressing these factors can reduce crime. Situational crime prevention focuses on very specific categories of crime or disorder, and takes particular note of crime concentrations. Understanding how crimes are committed is critically important to situational crime prevention. It uses an action-research model and demands considering numerous possible alternative solutions. Situational crime prevention has been widely used across the globe and has been applied to minor deviance (e.g., littering), standard crimes (e.g., burglary and robbery), and to extremely serious crime (e.g., international terrorism and maritime piracy). The evidence for situational crime prevention effectiveness is substantial. Research clearly demonstrates that it does not inevitably displace crime. In fact, it often reduces crime near prevention sites.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the potential for integrating insights on peer processes and decision-making processes to advance our understanding on the decision to engage in crime, and address the developmental and situational influence of peers on perceptions, preferences, and dual-systems processing.
Abstract: Research Summary: Offender decision-making generally occurs in social context. In this article, we discuss the potential for integrating insights on peer processes and decision-making processes to advance our understanding on the decision to engage in crime. In particular, we address the developmental and situational influence of peers on perceptions, preferences, and dual-systems processing. We contribute to this literature by elaborating on situational peer processes and discuss the ways in which peers can affect decision-making through their mere presence as well as through their active involvement as instigators, conversational partners, and co-offenders. Policy Implications: Programs to effectively reduce crime and delinquency require a holistic approach that takes into account the interdependency between internal and external factors that impact behavior. The purpose of this article was to detail how our understanding of two prominent explanations of crime —peer influence and rational choice—can mutually benefit from such integration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the association between student situational engagement and classroom activities in secondary school science classrooms in Finland and the U.S. Situational engagement is conceptu...
Abstract: This study examines the association between student situational engagement and classroom activities in secondary school science classrooms in Finland and the U.S. Situational engagement is conceptu...
TL;DR: A unified conceptual framework of acquiescence was developed that posits that acquiescence is a joint function of respondent characteristics, situational/survey characteristics, and cultural characteristics and was considerably higher in countries with stronger social norms of deference.
Abstract: Acquiescence ('yea-saying') can seriously harm the validity of self-report questionnaire data. Towards a better understanding of why some individuals and groups acquiesce more strongly than others do, we developed a unified conceptual framework of acquiescent responding. Our framework posits that acquiescent responding is a joint function of respondent characteristics (e.g. age, education, values), situational/survey characteristics (e.g., interview privacy, respondents' interest), and cultural characteristics (e.g., social norms, economic development). The framework posits two putative mechanisms through which these characteristics may relate to acquiescence: cognitive processing capacities and deferential communication styles. Multilevel analyses using data from 60 heterogeneous countries from the World Values Survey (N = 90,347) support our framework's proposition that acquiescence is a joint function of respondent, situational, and cultural characteristics. Acquiescence was higher among respondents who were older (over 55 years old), less educated, who valued deference (i.e., conformity and tradition), and, unexpectedly, were male. Interview privacy corresponded to lower acquiescence, but this association was small and vanished after including respondent characteristics. Unexpectedly, acquiescence was higher in interviewees who showed a stronger interest in the interview. Finally, acquiescence was considerably higher in countries with stronger social norms of deference. We discuss implications of these findings for the validity of research based on self-report data and delineate how our framework can guide future inquiries into acquiescent responding.
TL;DR: In this article, affect-as-information and appraisal theory are used to understand how an individual's commitment stimulates action, but we know little about how entrepreneurial commitment initially emerges. But we do know that the appraisal theory can be used to evaluate the commitment of an individual.
Abstract: An individual’s commitment stimulates action, but we know little about how entrepreneurial commitment initially emerges. Utilising affect-as-information and the appraisal theory, our objective is t...
TL;DR: This study provides a first step in showing that people take the context into account when attempting to regulate others’ emotions, by manipulating the regulatory demand of the situation in which someone is crying.
Abstract: Crying is a common response to emotional distress that elicits support from the environment. People may regulate another's crying in several ways, such as by providing socio-affective support (e.g. comforting) or cognitive support (e.g. reappraisal), or by trying to emotionally disengage the other by suppression or distraction. We examined whether people adapt their interpersonal emotion regulation strategies to the situational context, by manipulating the regulatory demand of the situation in which someone is crying. Participants watched a video of a crying man and provided support by recording a video message. We hypothesised that when immediate down-regulation was required (i.e. high regulatory demand), participants would provide lower levels of socio-affective and cognitive support, and instead distract the crying person or encourage them to suppress their emotions, compared to when there is no such urgency (i.e. low regulatory demand). As predicted, both self-reported and behavioural responses indicated that high (as compared to low) regulatory demand led to a reduction in socio-affective support provision, and a strong increase in suppression and distraction. Cognitive support provision, however, was unaffected by regulatory demand. When the context required more immediate down-regulation, participants thus employed more regulation strategies aimed at disengaging from the emotional experience. This study provides a first step in showing that people take the context into account when attempting to regulate others' emotions.
TL;DR: The authors examined the role virtual reality can play in student speech practice for oral communication courses and focused on situational communication apprehension of the virtual reality environment, and found that it can help students to be more comfortable with situational communication.
Abstract: This exploratory study examines the role virtual reality can play in student speech practice for oral communication courses. The study focuses on situational communication apprehension of the virtu...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that applicants may fake more when there are situational cues, i.e., when they are asked to answer questions about their background information, or intentionally misrepresent information in employment interviews.
Abstract: . Many applicants fake, or intentionally misrepresent information, in employment interviews. Recent theories of faking propose that applicants may fake more when there are situational cues ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relative power of situational factors vs person-based factors in predicting work-family conflict and found that personality factors accounted for more variance in family-to-work conflict than in work-tofamily conflict.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the situation (presence of young children, working hours, social and organizational support) and person-based factors (core self-evaluations) that influence work-family conflict (both work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC)) and to examine the relative power of situational factors vs person-based factors in predicting work-family conflict.,Data were collected from 367 married working professionals from eight organizations in the manufacturing and services sector in India. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. Usefulness analysis was performed to reveal the unique contribution of the dispositional variables over the situational variables in predicting the variance in work-family conflict.,Personality factors accounted for more variance in FWC than in WFC, and situational factors accounted for more variance in WFC than in FWC.,Given the limitations associated with a cross-sectional design, caution is needed concerning the inferences drawn. Only a few variables are considered to assess the characteristics of the context.,Organizations should not view the resolution of work-family conflict as the sole responsibility of an individual because of the demonstrated influence of both dispositional and contextual factors on the presence or absence of such conflict. While individuals may strive to have better self-management skills and stay positive in adverse situations, employers may assist them in dealing with work-family demands by introducing need-based support.,The relative importance of situation-based and person-based variables in predicting work-family conflict has rarely been examined on a managerial sample in India. Research on personality-based antecedents of work-home interference is also in its infancy. A better understanding of the factors as they relate to both directions of work-family conflict may help to identify suitable approaches to managing conflict.
TL;DR: The identified trends will allow futsal coaches to recognise the most suitable situations for achieving efficacy when using the goalkeeper as an outfield player strategy.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the importance and meaning of goals using the goalkeeper as an outfield player in elite futsal according to critical and situational variables. The sam...