Showing papers on "Situational ethics published in 2021"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify and empirically test the prominence of various technology-related, consumer characteristics, and situational variables (Stimuli) on fostering impulsive habits among mobile shoppers and further examine the direct and indirect effects of consumer impulsiveness on the use of multiple shopping applications for online purchases.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the direct effect of thinking style and situational ambiguity on the panic behavior model as well as the moderating effect of information overload and found that information overload was found to moderate the relationship between situational ambiguity and panic buying.
31 citations
TL;DR: A review of the most influential motivational theories on persistence and disengagement that address situational and personal determinants, cognitive and affective mechanisms, and consequences for well-being, health, and performance can be found in this paper.
Abstract: Persistence in and timely disengagement from personal goals are core components of successful self-regulation and therefore relevant to well-being and performance. In the history of motivation psychology, there has been a clear emphasis on persistence. Only recently have researchers become interested in goal disengagement, as mirrored by the amount of pertinent research. In this review, we present an overview of the most influential motivational theories on persistence and disengagement that address situational and personal determinants, cognitive and affective mechanisms, and consequences for well-being, health, and performance. Some of these theories use a general approach, whereas others focus on individual differences. The theories presented incorporate classical expectancy-value constructs as well as contemporary volitional concepts of self-regulation. Many of the theoretical approaches have spread to applied fields (e.g., education, work, health). Despite numerous important insights into persistence and disengagement, we also identify several unresolved research questions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show how theorizing gender as a social system and a situational accomplishment provides a broad perspective that helps to synthesize many strands of theoretical and empirical research.
Abstract: This paper shows how theorizing gender as a social system and a situational accomplishment provides a broad perspective that helps to synthesize many strands of theoretical and empirical research o...
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the role of the COVID-19 epidemic situational factors and hedonic and utilitarian motives on consumers' intent to buy fashion products online and found that these factors positively and significantly affect consumers' buying fashion products.
Abstract: The study intends to investigate the roles of the COVID-19 epidemic situational factors and hedonic and utilitarian motives on consumers’ intent to buy fashion products online. It is theorised that the COVID-19 epidemic situational factors include physical obstacles caused by the lockdown and the closings of brick-and-mortar retailers, the antecedent states linked to the anxiety during the outbreak, the store atmosphere characterised by the risk of contracting the Coronavirus during shopping activity, and social distancing. An online questionnaire was collected from 351 Indonesian consumers. SmartPLS 3 and PLS-SEM were used for hypothesis testing. The results reveal that the COVID-19 epidemic situational factors, utilitarian and hedonic motives positively and significantly affect consumers’ intent to buy fashion products online. These findings will help online marketers and retailers develop their websites and improve their selling endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology & Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the state of the art in the field of bioinformatics and biomedicine, focusing on the effects of artificial intelligence.
Abstract: Article history: Received: June 20, 2020 Received in revised format: August 3
19 citations
TL;DR: Ongoing efforts to prevent sexual violence among college students may benefit from being modeled on the findings that some men are likelier to infer consent regardless of the situation, that specific situational factors can foster misperceptions of consent across men in general, and that certain individuals in particular situations may pose the greatest risk for sexual misconduct.
Abstract: Sexual victimization of women by men on college campuses is a growing societal concern, with research identifying a host of situational and characterological factors that may predict men’s likeliho...
17 citations
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate who is most likely to join and engage in extreme political action, and find that it is not situational factors or group identity, but rather the tendency of individuals to join extremist political action.
Abstract: Who is most likely to join and engage in extreme political action? Although traditional theories have focused on situational factors or group identity, an emerging science illustrates that tendenci...
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of crisis and leader strain on staff care was investigated in a cross-sectional survey and an experimental vignette study with regard to the influence of follower strain, showing that leader strain strengthened negative relationships between crisis and staff care, while follower strain served as a buffer.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a novel account of how daily life offers a variety of situational contexts and experiences that directly impact the age a person feels at a given moment and propose a contextual model that will help discriminate the links between situational influences and subjective age, as well as resulting behaviors that impact health and well-being.
Abstract: The age that a person feels is a strong predictor of their well-being and long-term health, beyond chronological age, showing that people have a self-awareness that provides insight into their aging process. It appears this insight has broad implications for a person’s everyday life and functioning. One’s subjective age is shaped by metacognitive beliefs about aging, including both expectations about typical changes but most notably the awareness and interpretation of personal experiences. Subjective age has been described as multidimensional, aligning with life domains such as cognitive, social, and physical functioning. This perspective, coupled with laboratory studies that manipulate subjective age, suggests that situational context has an important role in determining the age a person feels. Here we review literature on subjective age with a focus on how research and theoretical perspectives should be adapted to integrate momentary experiences. We propose a contextual model that will help discriminate the links between situational influences and subjective age, as well as resulting behaviors that impact health and well-being. While most research has considered subjective age to be a relatively stable variable, we provide a novel account of how daily life offers a variety of situational contexts and experiences that directly impact the age a person feels at a given moment. We propose that studying moment-to-moment context is a critical next step in understanding the associations between subjective age, lifestyle choices, and health outcomes.
TL;DR: It is argued that the COP serves as a basis for deciding on further action, and thus represents a first stage in the process of establishing common situational understanding among the involved actors.
TL;DR: For instance, the authors suggests that participants' intraindividual variability in their interest in different activities suggests that they have stable preferences for different activities, and this pre-registered experience is a preregistered experience.
Abstract: Vocational interests are traditionally conceived as stable preferences for different activities. However, recent theorizing suggests their intraindividual variability. This preregistered experience...
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional study of ethical decision-making correlated with spirituality and utilizing moral intensity as a moderator for workers in the Southeastern United States (N = 117).
Abstract: We present a cross-sectional study of ethical decision-making correlated with spirituality and utilizing moral intensity as a moderator for workers in the Southeastern United States (N = 117). This study presents spirituality as an individual variable and moral intensity as a situational variable along with ethical decision-making to examine the interaction of these factors in moral dilemmas. Utilizing previously validated instruments for ethical decision-making and individual spirituality, we find that workers with relatively high measured spirituality made less ethical decisions compared to workers with relatively lower measures of spirituality. Further, we find that the introduction of high moral intensity as a situational variable does not moderate the observed correlation between spirituality and ethical decision-making. This research supports the conceptual nature of the Interactionist Theory by presenting in a single study both individual and situational variables in ethical decision-making.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the difficulty of capturing the behavioral response itself, rather than on difficulties in explaining compliance and isolating particular factors of influence on it, and they find that compliance varies for different rules, it varies over time, and businesses learn from one response to the law to the next on a daily basis.
Abstract: Studying compliance, in terms of the business responses to legal rules, is notoriously difficult. This paper focuses on the difficulty of capturing the behavioral response itself, rather than on difficulties in explaining compliance and isolating particular factors of influence on it. The paper argues that existing approaches to capture such compliance, using surveys and governmental data, run the risk of failing to capture compliance as it occurs in the reality of day-to-day business responses to the law. It does so by means of a unique ethnographic approach to study compliance. Drawing from data of deep participant observation about responses to legal rules in two small businesses, the paper finds that in this context there is Compliance Dynamism. This means that compliance varies for different rules, it varies over time, and businesses learn from one response to the law to the next on a daily basis. Compliance is also situational, and there is an Indirect Observer Effect, where the way compliance is measured, especially when using data derived from inspections, shapes what compliance is observed and what is not. Therefore, compliance should be captured not as a singular state but as a string of reiterative processes that occur in their situational context. And this fundamentally challenges most existing methods to capture compliance and thus our understanding of what compliance occurs and what may shape it. In its conclusion, the paper draws out the implications this has for studies that seek to find simple and usable findings about compliance.
TL;DR: The role of moral emotion has been neglected in existing criminological research and this study seeks to develop current explanations of the comprehensive myriad of factors that play a role in moral crime decision-making.
Abstract: The roles of shame and guilt, and their relationships to empathy, have not been modeled adequately as key factors in moral decision-making in the study of violence. The role of moral emotion has been neglected in existing criminological research and this study seeks to develop current explanations of the comprehensive myriad of factors that play a role in moral crime decision-making. This research will test the different roles of empathy, shame, and guilt in violence decision-making using a situational action theory (SAT) perspective. Data taken from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+), a longitudinal study with a large representative sample, provide quantitative questionnaire indices to enable comparison of a persistent and frequent violent offender subsample (N = 48) with the remaining PADS+ study sample (N = 607). A striking majority of violent offenders report that they do not think it is wrong to commit violence, and do not care about it, that is, they lack shame and guilt, and report that violence comes as a morally acceptable and natural action alternative. Furthermore, violent offenders do not register the predicament of their victims; there is a distinct lack of empathy. This article demonstrates a key finding which has rarely been explored to date; regression analyses reveal an interaction effect whereby individuals with weak shame and guilt, combined specifically with weak moral rules, are more likely to commit acts of violence. The study findings provide strong support for the SAT of the role of weak morality in violence decision-making. To reduce the possibility of crime being seen as an action alternative, moral development programs should be developed and administered in childhood.
TL;DR: In this article, a study aimed to understand nurses' lived experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 in clinical settings and found that nurses faithfully fulfill their individual roles with a vocation and responsibility, and provided an in-depth understanding of the situational, psychological, and environmental aspects of challenges facing nurses in the pandemic situation.
Abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to understand nurses' lived experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19. METHODS: The phenomenological research method was used. The study participants were 16 Korean nurses who had experiences in caring for patients with COVID-19 in clinical settings. Data was collected using one-on-one in-depth interviews, from June 30 to September 30, 2020. During the interview, the quarantine rules were observed. RESULTS: The study derived four themes clusters and thirty-eight sub themes. Four theme clusters were identified, i.e., 'a repetitive sense of crisis', 'enduring a drastic change,' 'sacrifice of personal life,' and 'pride in nursing'. The nurses' experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 were an uneasy, unfamiliar, and threatening experiences for an individual, but it is an opportunity for a nursing organization to renew. Accordingly, it was found that nurses faithfully fulfill their individual roles with a vocation and responsibility. CONCLUSION: The study provides an in-depth understanding of the situational, psychological, and environmental aspects of challenges facing nurses in the pandemic situation. Based on the findings, institutional follow-up measures should be provided to establish support systems for better nursing care. In addition, studies are needed to track nurses' experiences in the prolonged COVID-19 situation.
TL;DR: This paper investigated to what extent variation in observational measures of behavioral student engagement during seatwork is due to students versus teachers, teacher-student dyads, or situational (i.e., variation in time) effects.
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of 627 South Korean adults was conducted in March 2020, when the country experienced an early but rapidly accelerating pandemic stage, and the results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that in addition to confirming the major propositions of STOPS, three situational perception variables (i.e., problem recognition, involvement recognition, and constraint recognition) were highly associated with an individual's fear and anger regarding the COVID-19 outbreak.
Abstract: This study examined individuals' information behaviors in the COVID-19 pandemic. It applied the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) and integrated the role of two negative emotions (i.e., fear and anger) and subjective norms into the framework. A survey of 627 South Korean adults was conducted in March 2020, when the country experienced an early but rapidly accelerating pandemic stage. The results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that in addition to confirming the major propositions of STOPS, three situational perception variables (i.e., problem recognition, involvement recognition, and constraint recognition) were highly associated with an individual's fear and anger regarding the COVID-19 outbreak. However, only fear significantly affected situational motivation in problem-solving and information behaviors (i.e., information-seeking, forwarding, and permitting). The study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the attitude-behavior gap of consumers involved with sustainable food choice and found that beliefs, positive attitudes, and behavioral intentions do play an important role for sustainable choice.
Abstract: This research explores reasons for the attitude-behavior gap of consumers involved with sustainable food choice. For this purpose, the Food Choice Process Model by was applied. The study follows a qualitative approach. Data were collected through ethnographical fieldwork. Over the course of nine months, researchers repeatedly accompanied six families. Each visit lasted several hours and included multiple in-depth discussions, food shopping observations and participation in everyday food behavior. Findings show that beliefs, positive attitudes, and behavioral intentions do play an important role for sustainable choice. Rooted in one's personal life course experiences and the socio-cultural conditions one grew up in, however, their determinacy is heavily impaired by household realities and by various personal and situational factors. Sustainability attributes, even if dominant on an abstract level, tend to be inferior for actual choice, especially when competing with the taste, price, and preferences of other household members. Product evaluation and food choice are seldomly a result of comprehensive information processing, but rather based on simplifications and strategies. Conflicts are aggravated by competing sustainability values and attributes. Confronted with diverse product-related, personal, external, and situational influences, sustainable choices come with conflicts, tensions, and ambivalences forcing participants to make compromises and remain flexible in their decisions. However, participants were aware of their inadequacies and accept personal inconsistencies, without showing much dissonance. This research extends current knowledge about the impact and the origin of attitudes towards and barriers for sustainable food choice behavior that help to understand the complexity of the phenomena in its natural setting. It points out practical implications for practitioners, updates the theoretical framework, and can widen researchers' perspective on sustainable food choice behavior.
TL;DR: This paper examined how a beginning science teacher dealt with practical work in a physics classroom and explored how various interactions occurred between personal, interpersonal, and situational dimensions of his identity as a beginning physics teacher.
Abstract: Through the lens of teacher professional identity, in this case study, we examine how a beginning science teacher deals with practical work in a physics classroom. We explore how various interactions occurred between personal, interpersonal, and situational dimensions of his identity as a beginning physics teacher when dealing with practical work. Various kinds of data were collected over a period of 10 months: 3 semi-structured interviews, 26 classroom observations, 32 brief interviews, as well as various artifacts and lesson plans. The analysis was done through a constant comparative method, and it was grounded within the three-dimensional framework of professional identity: personal, social, and situational. Four main themes emerged through the analysis of the data that represent the main features of the participant’s identity enactment as a beginning physics dealing with practical work: (a) personal characteristics, (b) sense of agency, (c) contextual constraints, and (d) ongoing interpretation of experiences with practical work. These findings are presented through a narration of the participant’s identity with regard to practical work alongside authentic extracts and quotes from the data. Drawn upon these findings, we offer a set of recommendations for future research.
TL;DR: An approach using a design-based exergame may be a relevant strategy for promoting levels of physical activity that yield positive health-related outcomes among college students.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate how customer requests, a common phenomenon, influence frontline employee (FLE) job outcomes and demonstrate that FLEs possess tendencies to appraise customer requests in both positive and negative ways.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated influences of level of observation (behaviors vs. traits), personality, and instructional set on complementarity, and concluded that the participants' individual complementarity coefficients predicted their being liked by the interaction partner, observer judgments of their social competence, and their overall discussion performance.
Abstract: The principles of "interpersonal complementarity" posit that one person's behavior tends to evoke reactions from others that are similar with regard to affiliation, but dissimilar with regard to status (Carson, 1969). Empirical support for these assumptions has been mixed, especially with regard to the status dimension. The present study investigated influences of level of observation (behaviors vs. traits), personality, and instructional set on complementarity. Previously unacquainted participants (N = 182) were randomly assigned to dyads who engaged in videotaped discussions with either a cooperative or a competitive framing. Their behaviors were rated every 10 s in terms of affiliation and status. We used a multilevel modeling approach that enables powerful omnibus tests of core tenets of interpersonal theory, including previously overlooked influences of person and situation, as well as time-lags. Interpersonal complementarity was found for both affiliation and status. It was highest for simultaneous behaviors, (i.e., occurring within the same 10-s interval), but for status we also found lagged effects being anticomplementary. Complementarity was also moderately predicted by some personality traits. The situational context predicted the mean levels of interpersonal behaviors but not complementarity. Concerning consequences of complementarity, the participants' individual complementarity coefficients predicted their being liked by the interaction partner, observer judgments of their social competence, and their overall discussion performance. We clearly recommend this type of comprehensive multilevel modeling for future research into these and related issues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: The authors argue that to avoid these more serious potential manifestations of imposterism, the approach toImposterism should be reframed, and medical students, residents, and physicians should be helped to view episodic feelings of impostorism as appropriate situational responses.
Abstract: Issue: Impostor syndrome, impostor phenomenon, or imposterism, is a very common, likely ubiquitous, psychological construct in the general population and certainly among health care providers. It has been the subject of many, mostly descriptive, articles and blogs in the medical literature as well as in the lay press and on social media. Evidence: Imposterism has been associated with, but not demonstrated to be causative of, psychological conditions including stress, shame, guilt, and burnout, and behaviors such as "hiding out," which impede career development. The authors argue that to avoid these more serious potential manifestations of imposterism, the approach to imposterism should be reframed, and medical students, residents, and physicians should be helped to view episodic feelings of imposterism as appropriate situational responses. Implications: As feelings of imposterism are virtually universal for those on the journey from medical/graduate student through practicing physician/scientist, handling them appropriately could hopefully channel them into positive responses that mitigate potential psychological and behavioral consequences and improve emotional health.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the interaction effects of organizational conflict history and employees' situational perceptions of COVID-19 on negative megaphoning and turnover intention and found that employees who are active publics on COVID19 in highly conflict-prone workplaces reported the highest negative micro-behavior change intention, while employees who were inactive publics (active vs inactive public) on less conflictprone workplaces had the lowest negative micro behavioral change intention.
Abstract: Purpose: This study explores the interaction effects of organizational conflict history and employees' situational perceptions of COVID-19 on negative megaphoning and turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach: Survey data (N = 476) were collected from US citizens, who self-identified as full-time employees, through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in August 2020. Findings: Organizational conflict history (i.e. highly conflict-prone vs less conflict-prone workplaces) interacts with employees' situational perceptions of COVID-19 (i.e. inactive vs active publics) in affecting employees' negative megaphoning and turnover intention toward their organizations. Employees who are active publics on COVID-19 in highly conflict-prone workplaces reported the highest negative megaphoning and turnover intention. On the contrary, employees who are inactive publics on COVID-19 in less conflict-prone workplaces reported the lowest negative megaphoning and turnover intention. Practical implications: COVID-19 is an uncontrollable, exogenous crisis for organizations. While it is expected that employees in highly conflict-prone workplaces would report higher negative megaphoning and turnover intention, this study found that employees' situational perceptions of COVID-19 would further exacerbate the effects. This finding reflects the importance of managing organizational conflicts continuously and preemptively while also segmenting and cultivating relationships with employees based on their situational perceptions of issues and crises. Originality/value: This study identified the significance of the interaction of cross-situational factors (e.g. employees' recollection of organizational conflict history) and situational factors (e.g. employees' situational perceptions of issues) in affecting employees' negative behavioral intentions in crisis situations, even if the crises are exogenous and uncontrollable. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
TL;DR: The research shows that the English situation teaching method based on 5G network technology and artificial intelligence in vocational colleges has a certain effect and can effectively improve the English scores of vocational college students.
Abstract: In order to study the role of English situational teaching in higher vocational colleges, based on information technology and artificial intelligence, this research combines with the needs of English teaching to construct a English situation teaching in higher vocational colleges with the support of 5G network technology and artificial intelligence. Moreover, this research builds a data processing model based on the system architecture diagram of cache placement, uses storage space and computing resources to save more backhaul link bandwidth, and adopts the “many to many” algorithm extended by the “one to many” algorithm, and uses the on-demand method to obtain scenario teaching data from the cloud. In addition, this research constructs the intermediate link of data processing, and uses 5G network transmission to solve the problem of data transmission speed. Finally, this study uses a controlled experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence teaching model constructed in this study. The research shows that the English situation teaching method based on 5G network technology and artificial intelligence in vocational colleges has a certain effect and can effectively improve the English scores of vocational college students.
TL;DR: The authors found that children with DLD need more exposures to learn new words in an unambiguous context compared to children with typical development (TD), but it remains unclear how to determine the differences between the two groups.
Abstract: Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) need more exposures to learn new words in an unambiguous context compared to children with typical development (TD). However, it remains unclear ...
TL;DR: The literature suggests that persons’ cognitive complexity at any point in time results partially from a stable and generalizable trait component that accounts for a small-to-moderate amount of variance.
Abstract: Researchers have long assumed that complex thinking is determined by both situational factors and stable, trait-based differences. However, although situational influences on complexity have been d...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the methodical-practical model of situational strategic planning, which was based on Matus (1987), Alizo (2005, Alizo 2006), Alizadeh (2020), Zambrano (2006), among others.
Abstract: Situational planning assumes the criticism of traditional planning, due to its inability to produce changes, being the self-reference of the man of action, who ultimately must solve complex problems, thus showing a tool for conducting or governing the social process in all its dimensions. Under these considerations, this article analyzes the methodical-practical model of situational strategic planning. Theoretically, it was based on Matus (1987), Alizo (2005), Alizo (2020), Zambrano (2006), among others. The nature of the research is descriptive, with an analytical approach, whose source of information is documentary. It is evident after the discussion of the different moments that the model goes through (explanatory, normative, strategic and tactical-operational), that this type of planning pays attention to the “being”, but not the “must be”. Being more than a simple process, in which goals and objectives must be established that have to be met during specific periods, in order to achieve the planned future situation. Therefore, it is an indispensable tool for any type of organization and exercise for senior management.