Situational ethics

About: Situational ethics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4023 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145379 citations.

Situational Business Intelligence

Abstract: Traditional business intelligence has focused on creating dimensional models and data warehouses, where after a high modeling and creation cost structurally similar queries are processed on a regular basis. So called "ad-hoc" queries aggregate data from one or several dimensional models, but fail to incorporate other external information that is not considered in the pre-defined data model. We focus on a different kind of business intelligence, which spontaneously correlates data from a company’s data warehouse with "external" information sources that may come from the corporate intranet, are acquired from some external vendor, or are derived from the internet. Such situational applications are usually short-lived programs created for a small group of users with a specific business need. We will showcase the state-of-the-art for situational applications as well as the impact of Web 2.0 for these applications. We will also present examples and research challenges that the information management research community needs to address in order to arrive at a platform for Situational Business Intelligence.

Language and Situation

Abstract: The study of the interrelation between language and society comes, as we noted earlier (1.4), under the heading of sociolinguistics. In this chapter we shall look at some of the situational factors which influence the linguistic behaviour of individual speakers and also of larger social groups.

Sex-Role Culture and Educational Practice

Abstract: How can schools as they currently exist serve the needs of the sexes during an era of changing sex-role sensibility? Addressing this question, the authors propose that the construct of sex role is better conceptualized in cultural than in psychosocial terms. This allows for a more coherent analysis of the interactions of three cultural phenomena: formal schooling, femininity, and masculinity. The concept of sex-role culture is rotated through three models of cultural interaction: Genetic Differences, Cultural Differences, and Biculturalism. Each model contributes to an understanding of the systemic relationship between sex-role culture and educational practice. The authors argue first, that from an educational perspective, sex-linked genetic differences are largely irrelevant, second, that sex-linked cultural differences are real, but unstable and situational, and finally, that bicultural blendings are beneficial and increasingly prevalent. The school's task is to provide children with equal access to tra...

Soccer Referee Decision-Making: 'shall I Blow the Whistle?'.

Abstract: Evidence points to the existence of a home advantage effect in soccer with referees giving more decisions to the home team being a plausible explanation for this effect. The purpose of the present study was to use qualitative methods to explore the factors that influence experienced referees when making decisions. Five experienced referees volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews of 30-40 minutes duration. Examples of questions/probes included 'Are there times when it is difficult to make a decision on whether there was a foul or not? When? Why?' and 'Do you worry about making the wrong / unpopular decision? What affect does this have on you?' Content analysis identified 13 inter-related themes that describe four higher-order themes. The themes 'accuracy-error', 'regulations', and 'professionalism' form a higher-order theme labeled 'ideal-decision making'. The themes 'opinion', 'concentration', and 'control' represent a higher- order theme labeled 'individual factors'; 'experience', 'personality', and 'personal life' represent a higher-order factor labeled 'experience factors', and crowd factors, player reaction, environmental factors, and crowd interaction represent a higher-order factor labeled 'situational factors'. Findings from the present study offer some insight into difficulties and coping strategies used by referees to perform consistently in professional soccer. Future research could use quantitative methods to test the relative contribution of themes identified above to the decision-making process in referees. At an applied level, practitioners should develop strategies that accelerate the process of learning to cope with performance-related stressors such as the crowd noise. Key PointsFive experienced described factors associated with decision making in soccer leading to the identification of 13 inter-related themes that describe four higher-order themes.Higher order themes include ideal-decision making', 'individual factors', 'experience factors', and 'situational factors'.Findings from the present study offer some insight into difficulties and coping strategies used by referees to perform consistently in professional soccer.Practitioners should develop strategies that accelerate the process of learning to cope with performance-related stressors.

Courageous altruism: Personal and situational correlates of rescue during the Holocaust

Abstract: This study investigated whether positive personality variables associated with the character strengths of courage and kindness, when examined in the context of situational and demographic variables, distinguish Holocaust-era courageous altruists from bystanders. Seventy-nine non-Jewish rescuers and 73 non-Jewish bystanders were administered measures of empathic concern, social responsibility, risk-taking, altruistic moral reasoning, and perceived marginality. Situational variables included wartime living arrangements, history of persecution, previous experience with Jews, and whether an individual had been asked for help. A two-group discriminant function analysis was able to correctly classify 96.1% of the sample, separating the rescuers and bystanders by more than three standard deviations. The discriminant function was best defined by social responsibility, altruistic moral reasoning, empathic concern, and risk-taking. Implications are discussed regarding the relationship between character strengths an...