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Situational ethics

About: Situational ethics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4023 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145379 citations.


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TL;DR: In this paper, a facet design was used to systematically vary three situational features (ambiguity, social context, and concern at stake) in twenty vignettes of stressful situations that were presented to a sample of 430 healthy persons to elicit coping responses.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to quantify situational impacts on coping compared to the impact of personal characteristics. A facet design was used to systematically vary three situational features (ambiguity, social context, and concern at stake) in twenty vignettes of stressful situations that were presented to a sample of 430 healthy persons to elicit coping responses. In addition, relevant personal characteristics (mental health, self-esteem, perceived social support, and dispositional coping styles) were assessed. A series of variance component analyses demonstrated that for eight types of coping behavior, variability within individuals across situations was larger than variability between individuals. Multilevel analyses, accounting for both the person level and the situation level in the data, were employed to identify the situational features and personal characteristics that were responsible for situation-related variance and person-related variance respectively. Results demonstrate that all thr...

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the situational malleability of gender schema and specifically the association between competitive sport and masculinity at the intraindividual level and found that participants responded higher and faster on masculine items when the competitive sport context was presented.
Abstract: In this research we examined the situational malleability of gender schema and specifically the association between competitive sport and masculinity at the intraindividual level. Based on Deaux and Major’s (1987) interactive assumption, we predicted that a competitive sport context would activate the masculine dimension in gender schema. Participants were 64 French undergraduate students who evaluated themselves on the Bem Sex Role Inventory in general, in a competitive sport context, and in a cinema context. In addition to femininity and masculinity scores in each context, response latencies were also collected. The results indicated that participants responded higher and faster on masculine items when the competitive sport context was presented, showing that this association is well anchored in gender schema.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Situational information, if accurate, not only can serve a reinforcing "consensual validation" function that addresses people's general concerns about the "reasonableness" of their responses but can also reduce distress.
Abstract: University of ConnecticutSusan K. SolomonWellesley CollegeTwo studies focused on the effectiveness of various types of information in dif-ferent contexts. Two informational foci (i.e., external and internal) were em-ployed, and subjects were either familiar or unfamiliar with a potentially stressfulsetting. It was assumed that one's degree of familiarity with the context wouldrender different types of concerns more salient and that these would more ef-fectively be met by one type of information than by the other. In the first ex-periment, it was hypothesized and found that situational information was moreeffective than emotional information for unfamiliar subjects, whose primary con-cerns in the setting were external. In contrast, emotional information was effectivein reducing stress and facilitating performance for familiar subjects, whose con-cerns were primarily internal; but situational information was also effective forthese individuals. Study 2 was done to explore why situational information waseffective in reducing stress for both familiar and unfamiliar individuals. Theresults indicated that situational information, if accurate, not only can serve areinforcing "consensual validation" function that addresses people's general con-cerns about the "reasonableness" of their responses but can also reduce distress.Studies of the effects of information onreactions to threatening or painful situationshave indicated that in a variety of contexts,having accurate expectations of what onewill feel or what will happen can reduce dis-tress. Preoperative information has beenshown to improve recovery from surgery(e.g., Egbert, Battit, Welch, & Bartlett,1964; Langer, Janis, & Wolfer, 1975; Me-lamed & Siegel, 1975), and preparatory in-formation has reduced distress caused byaversive or painful medical procedures

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a synthesis of two models, the agency hypothesis and the situational factors, is proposed to consider the perceived nature of meaningful activity and factors involved in commitment to activity, and a life themes, lifestyle approach is advocated as one way of undertaking this.
Abstract: Study of the psychology of unemployment has been enhanced by the articulation of two models, one emphasizing personally generated activity: the ‘agency hypothesis’ of Fryer and Payne (1984); the other emphasizing ‘situational factors’: access to key categories of experience primarily provided by employment (Jahoda, 1982). This article broadens the debate to non-employment (unemployment and retirement) and points to a possible synthesis of models by considering the perceived nature of meaningful activity and factors involved in commitment to activity. It also proposes that if the processes involved in commitment are to be fully understood and a deeper understanding of the dynamics of adaptation and reaction to change is to be gained, then the dimension of ‘personal history’ of time-use needs to be added to those of ‘agency’ and ‘situational’ factors. A life themes, lifestyle approach is advocated as one way of undertaking this.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple research agenda is proposed that measures situational and behavioral variables selected on the basis of their intrinsic interest and consequentiality and promotes descriptive empirical research that is more likely to address the obvious questions.
Abstract: Psychology is the luckiest of the sciences because it owns the most interesting questions, the foremost being, "Why do people do what they do?" Naively, one might expect that research addressing this question would focus on the most important behaviors, but instead most studies choose behavioral dependent variables on the basis of their procedural feasibility and suitability for theory testing. The cumulative result is an uneven and unrepresentative map of the behavioral terrain. Situational variables are chosen in a similar manner with a parallel result. (Personality variables, in contrast, typically are designed to capture intrinsically important individual differences.) In this article, I proposes a simple research agenda that measures situational and behavioral variables selected on the basis of their intrinsic interest and consequentiality. This agenda promotes descriptive empirical research that is more likely to address the obvious (and good) questions that are the foundation of the widespread interest in psychology and to aid the development of theories that are interesting and widely relevant.

36 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20231,132
20222,631
2021154
2020179
2019133