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Situational ethics

About: Situational ethics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4023 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145379 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By understanding the roles of situational obstacles faced by trained gatekeepers at their work and the support they receive from supervisors and organizations, appropriate strategies can be identified and applied to facilitate gatekeeper performance.
Abstract: Background: Although the effectiveness of suicide-prevention gatekeeper-training programs in improving knowledge, atti- tudes, and referral practices has been documented, their effects do not seem to be lasting. Aims: This study investigated situational obstacles at work that prevent suicide-prevention gatekeepers from engaging in suicide-prevention behavior and the role of social support in modifying the relationship between situational obstacles and suicide-prevention behaviors. Methods: 193 gatekeepers completed an online survey to rate the obstacles they had experienced at work since completing a gatekeeper-training program and the support received from coworkers, supervisors, and the organization. Participants also reported the frequency of suicide-prevention behaviors performed. Results: The results indicated that both situational obstacles and social support predicted the number of suicide-prevention behaviors performed, as expected. There was also a trend that support from supervisors and the organization may alleviate the adverse effect of situational obstacles on suicide-prevention behavior. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow for directional, causal conclusions to be drawn. Conclusions: By understanding the roles of situational obstacles faced by trained gatekeepers at their work and the support they receive from supervisors and organizations, appropriate strategies can be identified and applied to facilitate gatekeeper performance.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new telecommunication environment for tsunagari-kan communication that enables users to exchange situational cues continuously and interactively via a network is described and offers people comfort as if they are together, and it eventually helps them keep and foster their personal relationships.
Abstract: In this article, a new telecommunication environment for tsunagari-kan communication that enables users to exchange situational cues continuously and interactively via a network is described. In face-to-face communication or when communicators share one space physically, people exchange many situational cues. These cues allow one to sense or "feel" the other person, and they evoke emotional responses such as smiles and feelings of happiness. This tsunagari-kan communication aims at evoking thoughts about others in users' minds from cues or signs and at engendering tsunagari-kan (a sense of closeness to others), even when the individuals are in separate locations. This new style of telecommunication offers people comfort as if they are together, and it eventually helps them keep and foster their personal relationships. As the first step in verifying this concept, a communication terminal for family members living apart was developed, and a field test was run. This terminal facilitates the exchange of data ...

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that top-down control processes regulate impression formation when situational information is taken into account to understand others, and attributions were strongly linked to subsequent affective evaluations.
Abstract: When forming impressions and trying to figure out why other people behave the way they do, we should take into account not only dispositional factors (i.e. personality traits) but also situational constraints as potential causes for a behavior. However, in their attributions, people often ignore the importance of situational factors. To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the integration of situational information into attributions, we decomposed the attribution process by separately presenting information about behaviors and about the situational circumstances in which they occur. After reading the information, participants judged whether dispositional or situational causes explained the behavior (attribution), and how much they liked the person described in the scenario (affective evaluation). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed increased blood oxygenation-level-dependent activation during the encoding of situational information when the resulting attribution was situational, relative to when the attribution was dispositional, potentially reflecting a controlled process that integrates situational information into attributions. Interestingly, attributions were strongly linked to subsequent affective evaluations, with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex emerging as potential substrate of the integration of attributions and affective evaluations. Our findings demonstrate how top-down control processes regulate impression formation when situational information is taken into account to understand others.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An in-depth, observational study of electronic current awareness use within a large London law firm found that selection, re-aggregation and forwarding of information by multiple actors gives rise to a complex sociotechnical distribution network.
Abstract: Current awareness services are designed to keep users informed about recent developments based around user need profiles. In organisational settings, they may operate through both electronic and social interactions aimed at delivering information that is relevant, pertinent and current. Understanding these interactions can reveal the tensions in current awareness dissemination and help inform ways of making services more effective and efficient. We report an in-depth, observational study of electronic current awareness use within a large London law firm. The study found that selection, re-aggregation and forwarding of information by multiple actors gives rise to a complex sociotechnical distribution network. Knowledge management staff act as a layer of ''intelligent filters'' sensitive to complex, local information needs; their distribution decisions address multiple situational relevance factors in a situation fraught with information overload and restrictive time-pressures. Their decisions aim to optimise conflicting constraints of recall, precision and information quantity. Critical to this is the use of dynamic profile updates which propagate back through the network through formal and informal social interactions. This supports changes to situational relevance judgements and so allows the network to 'self-tune'. These findings lead to design requirements, including that systems should support rapid assessment of information items against an individual's interests; that it should be possible to organise information for different subsequent uses; and that there should be back-propagation from information consumers to providers, to tune the understanding of their information needs.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found that the importance of a goal to an individual was related to this variation in goal pursuit within each context, and that this variation remains associated with variation in affect while the context is held constant, thus ruling out context as an explanation of these associations.
Abstract: The importance of goals to affect in daily life has begun to be established in research that shows, across the events of daily life, an association between the content of the goal an individual is working on and her or his affect while working on the goal (Cantor, Norem et al., 1991; Emmons, 1991). However, these studies have not considered that situational, interpersonal, and temporal contexts might explain this association because contexts may be responsible both for variation in the goals an individual is working on and for the affect an individual is experiencing. To firmly establish the importance of goals to affect, such third-variable explanations must be ruled out (West & Hepworth, 1991). In a 2-week experience-sampling study, we showed that goal relevance can vary while contexts are held constant, and that this variation remains associated with variation in affect while the context is held constant, thus ruling out context as an explanation of these associations. Additionally, the importance of a goal to an individual was related to this variation in goal pursuit within each context. It is discussed how contexts and goals interact to influence affective experience in daily life.

28 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20231,132
20222,631
2021154
2020179
2019133