Situational ethics

About: Situational ethics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4023 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145379 citations.

The relationship of intentions to level of performance

Abstract: There has been considerable research on the relationship of various demographic, social, psychological, and personality variables to productivity or level of performance. Likert (1961) and Parker (19o3) have emphasized human relations and supervisor variables Katzell, Barrett, and Parker (1961) and Parker (1963) have examined the effects of situational (e.g., city size) variables on performance. Dunnette, Campbell, and Jaastad (1963) among other.-, have studied the effects of group structure on output quantiu Atkinson (1958) and McClelland (1961) have explored the relationship between the need for achievement and quantin of output. These appioaches have in common the fact that they do not specify what it is the individual is consciously trying to do in these situations. The piocess by which situational and supervisory variables affect performance is usualK left unspecified or is assumed to involve some complex conscious or unconscious reasoning process on the part of the individual The "need for achievement1' is specifically acknowledged not to be a part of the individual's conscious experience in spite of its apparent influence on his behavior (McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953).

Police Control of Interpersonal Disputes

Abstract: This paper examines factors which influence police arrest decisions in interpersonal disputes. We analyze data from direct observation of police-citizen encounters and find that decisions are influenced by situational exigencies of these encounters and that the effects of certain situational variables depend upon the type of neighborhood in which disputes occur. For example, disputes involving cohabiting individuals are more likely to result in arrest in poor neighborhoods. Arrest decisions are also influenced by organizational characteristics of police agencies, such as bureaucratization and professionalism. We discuss the implications of our findings for a general theory of police dispute settlement.

Student perceptions of the situational, institutional, dispositional and epistemological barriers to persistence

Abstract: Ethnography was used to elucidate barriers to completion in natural resource sciences distance education. The aim was to increase understanding of those variables associated with persistence and withdrawal, particularly to discern better the role of disciplinary content in these phenomena. The courses provide exemplars of epistemological stances that are broadly relevant. Both withdrawal and persisting students experienced situational, institutional, dispositional and epistemological problems that posed barriers to completion. Elucidation of the epistemological problems makes it evident that course content itself cannot be ignored in any theoretical or practical consideration of distance education attrition.

RESEARCH REPORTS Understanding Supervisor-Targeted Aggression: A Within-Person, Between-Jobs Design

Abstract: Summary and Hypotheses There are two main purposes of the present study. First, we testwhether supervisor-targeted aggression is situation-specific, thatis, whether it is directed specifically at supervisors who are per-ceived to be abusive or unfair. Second, we examine the relativeimpact of situational factors and individual differences onsupervisor-targeted aggression.One way of investigating both the situational or target specific-ity of workplace aggression and the relative impact of situationalfactors and individual differences on aggression is with a researchdesign that allows a simultaneous assessment of within-subjectsituational factors and between-subjects individual differences.Individuals who engage in “moonlighting” provide a robust natu-ralistic context in which to conduct this study. Moonlighting oc-curs when individuals hold a primary, or full-time, job and chooseto seek secondary employment over and above their primary job.Moonlighters have two separate jobs in two separate organizationsand work for two separate supervisors, enabling an assessment ofthe extent to which workplace aggression is predicted by concur-rent, within-subject situation factors relative to between-subjectsindividual differences.With this as background and consistent with existing research(e.g., Anderson & Bushman, 2002; L. Greenberg & Barling, 1999)described above, we predicted the following:

Researching researchers: lessons for research ethics

Abstract: There is widespread debate about ethical practice in social research with most social researchers arguing that situational relativist approaches are appropriate for resolving the ethical issues tha...