Topic
Situational ethics
About: Situational ethics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4023 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145379 citations.
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TL;DR: A review of literatures thought to be relevant for understanding situational contributions to ability-performance relationships was conducted by as mentioned in this paper, who suggested that only three sets of variables, incentive systems, job characteristics, and leadership style/management philosophy (climates) have recieved research attention from an ability/situation vantage point.
Abstract: A review of literatures thought to be relevant for understanding situational contributions to ability-performance relationships was conducted. The review suggested that only three sets of variables, incentive systems, job characteristics, and leadership style/management philosophy (“climates”) have recieved research attention from an ability/situation vantage point. It was also shown that in both experimental and survey research these three factors can moderate ability-performance relationships. Because these same three sets of variables are also known to have main effects on average performance levels, an hypothesis is presented that when organizations establish work conditions which facilitate the display of task-relevant individual ability, then validity for ability measures, average performance levels, and general levels of satisfaction will all be high.
91 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the influence of situational variables and interpersonal construct differentiation on the use of face-saving strategies in role-play persuasive tasks, and found that speakers provided less face support to familiar targets when small requests were involved but provided more face support when making large requests.
Abstract: This study investigated the influences of three situational variables and interpersonal construct differentiation on the use of face-saving strategies. Speakers carried out role-play persuasive tasks that were varied on the dimensions of speaker power, request magnitude, and familiarity. The resulting messages were coded for the dominant levels of autonomy granting and positive face support provided to the target. Speakers provided more face support when they had relatively little power. Furthermore, this effect was stronger for positive face support than for autonomy granting. Speakers also granted more autonomy when making large requests, especially when they had relatively little power. With respect to familiarity, speakers provided less face support to familiar targets when small requests were involved but provided more face support when making large requests. The study also found several interactions between construct differentiation and the situational factors. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
90 citations
TL;DR: First-order languaging is an experiential flow that is enacted, maintained, and changed by the real-time activity of participants as mentioned in this paper, which is a radical misconstrual of what people are doing in their languaging.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conceptualize and empirically test a model of situational influences on customers' perceived time pressure, shopping effectiveness, and attitude toward using an SST, finding that during the SST transaction, four situational variables (order size, wait-time tolerance, location convenience, and employee presence) had a strong influence in customers' SST decisions.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors take the position that any item of social behavior is understood only as a functional part of a situation composed of interacting selves, and when one elaborates the two foregoing assumptions into a working system of social psychology, he finds it necessary to modify radically the atomistic methods of traditional psychology which treat of reflexes, traits, motives, and various other behavioral syndromes which are referred to the individual with a minimum of attention to precise specification of the interactive context.
Abstract: IN COMMON with many others operating in the vague and complex field of social psychology, I find it impossible at this juncture to produce a logically rigorous system of assumptions and concepts with which to analyze and interpret human social interaction. Notwithstanding the rickety condition of the present formulation, I deem it worthwhile to expose it for critical examination by fellow workers in the hope of gaining new perspectives on it myself.' There are no essentially new terms in this formulation. I am particularly aware of the influence on my own thinking of the work of Charles H. Cooley, George H. Mead, Ellsworth Faris, Sigmund Freud, and Kurt Lewin. Those familiar with recent developments in social psychology will also see that the present statement is in line with a general current which is also manifest in the work of H. S. Sullivan, H. D. Lasswell, J. L. Moreno, Karen Horney, Erick Fromm, W. L. Warner and many others. In what follows, I shall be taking the position, familar to most sociologists, (i) that any item of social behavior is understood only as it is seen as a functional part of a situation composed of interacting selves; (2) that in functioning in an interactive system, the organism not only develops the response patterns representing its part in such an interact but actually incorporates the response patterns of the other(s) in its reactive system; and (3) that when one elaborates the two foregoing assumptions into a working system of social psychology, he finds it necessary to modify radically the atomistic methods of traditional psychology which treat of reflexes, traits, motives, and various other behavioral syndromes which are referred to the individual with a minimum of attention to precise specification of the interactive context.2 I. Illustrative Material. I shall begin this discussion by introducing some very simple concrete materials to which it may be convenient to refer later. These materials will also serve to indicate a few of the problems of interpretation for which I believe the situational approach offers a possible solution.
89 citations