Showing papers on "Sleep disorder published in 1969"

Insomnia during pregnancy: Diagnosis and Rational Interventions.

Abstract: UNLABELLED Sleep disturbances are common in pregnancy. Insomnia is a frequent sleep disturbance experienced by pregnant women which can be primary or due to co-morbid conditions. The differential diagnosis of insomnia in pregnancy includes anxiety disorders, mood disorders, breathing related sleep disorders and restless legs syndrome. Early interventions to treat the sleep disturbance are recommended to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes. Management strategies include improving sleep hygiene, behavioral therapies, and pharmacotherapy. The risks of pharmacotherapy must be weighed against their benefits due to the possible risk of teratogenicity associated with some medications. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google Scholar employing a combination of key words: pregnancy, sleep disturbances, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Sleep disorders and insomnia. We included original studies, review articles, meta-analysis and systematic reviews in our search prioritizing articles from the last 10-15 years. Articles older than 15 years were only included if their findings had not been superseded by more recent data. Further selection of articles was done from bibliographies and references of selected articles. CONCLUSION Sleep disturbances in pregnancy are common and cause considerable morbidity. Management includes a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments carefully weighing the risks and benefits of each for the expectant mother and fetus.

Effects of Selected Phenothiazines on REM Sleep in Schizophrenics

Abstract: SINCE THE discovery of rapid eye movements (REMs) associated with a desynchronized electroencephalogram (EEG) during behavioral sleep 1 and the correlation of this sleep stage with dreaming, 2 considerable investigation of REM sleep has been instituted to assess its significance in normal man and in various psychiatric illnesses. The similarity between mentation during dreaming in normal people and thought patterns in schizophrenia has led to many investigations of REM sleep in this disease. These studies have not consistently demonstrated marked differences in REM sleep between schizophrenics and normal subjects. 3 Similarly, REM sleep does not appear to be markedly altered in mental illness characterized primarily by depression. 3 Several recent studies have suggested, however, that Stage 4 or delta sleep may be decreased in schizophrenia 4 and depressive psychosis. 5,6 Various drugs used in the treatment of mental illness have been

Personality components in patients with sleep paralysis.

Abstract: Sleep paralysis occurs more often than has been recognized heretofore. It is not necessarily accompanied by narcolepsy and cataplexy. Physiological and psychological explanations for it have been suggested, but they are not mutually exclusive. A personality conflict between passive and aggressive trends appears to be important in patients with these symptoms. Four patients with sleep paralysis are described in this paper to support the aforementioned claims.

Actigraphy in post traumatic stress disorder.

Abstract: Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently complain of sleep disturbances such as insomnia and nightmares. Evaluation of sleep disturbances is often difficult due to the subjective nature of the complaints. Polysomnography (PSG) and other sleep studies are generally not indicated in the evaluation of insomnia or nightmares associated with PTSD. Actigraphy, (electronic activity monitoring) has been used in research to evaluate sleep disturbances in patients with PTSD. We reviewed the literature on the use of actigraphy in evaluation of sleep problems in patients with PTSD. Methods: A literature search for articles on the topic was conducted on PubMed using the search algorithm (actigraphy[Title/Abstract] OR actigraphic[Title/Abstract]) AND PTSD[Title/Abstract]. Out of 11 search results, 9 studies in which application of actigraphy had relevance to the primary objective and outcome in PTSD patients with sleep problems were selected for review. We also handpicked one additional article from personal communication with our colleagues who have done some of these studies. Conclusion: Actigraphy has been used to evaluate circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Use of actigraphy in psychiatry clinics is uncommon. There is no data to support that there are specific actigraphic sleep related findings in PTSD patients. However, it can be a useful tool to complement the use of sleep diaries when assessing sleep and wake patterns in patients with PTSD.

Sleep disturbances in general practice.

Abstract: Dr David Wheatley discusses the variations of individual sleep requirements, and classifies five main causes of insomnia: physical, physiological, psychological, iatrical and idiopathic. The various aspects of treatment are discussed and the use of sedative drugs illustrated. Dr Ian Oswald describes the two types of sleep, paradoxical and orthodox, and the effects of drugs upon them. He emphasizes the fact that all the common drugs of dependence suppress paradoxical sleep. Professor H Hediger considers the sleep patterns in the animal world and shows how these are adapted to the survival of individual species. Appreciation of the past and the future, which animals do not possess, may be a factor in human sleep disturbances.