Topic
Sleep disorder
About: Sleep disorder is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 884281 citations. The topic is also known as: somnipathy & non-organic sleep disorder.
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TL;DR: Group CBT-I is an efficacious treatment for insomnia and effect sizes remained significant at follow-up, suggesting that treatment gains persist over time.
266 citations
TL;DR: An independent circadian factor modulates the intensity of RLS, which seems to peak on the falling phase of the core temperature cycle, whose circadian rhythm appeared to be within the normal range for age.
Abstract: Study objectives To determine if motor restlessness in the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) shows a circadian rhythm with maximum at night, as previously found for subjective discomfort and periodic limb movements (PLMs), and to correlate RLS peak intensity with the core temperature cycle. Design Subjects underwent two days of normally timed wakefulness and sleep followed by a night and subsequent day of sleep deprivation. Activity was standardized through modified suggested immobilization tests (mSITs). Setting The study was conducted in a laboratory environment with a bedroom equipped for polysomnography during sleep and the mSITs. Patients Nine patients (mean age 59.8+/-11.3 years [range: 33-72]; 4 males, 5 females) with clinically severe idiopathic RLS. Interventions Patients were monitored with continuous ambulatory activity and core temperature recording. The mSITs were performed every three hours while subjects were awake. During the mSITs, subjective discomfort was measured every 15 minutes while motor restlessness was assessed through activity monitoring. Measurements and results Subjective discomfort and motor restlessness increased from a trough in the morning to a maximum at night in the hours following midnight. Peak intensity was found on the falling phase of the core temperature cycle, whose circadian rhythm appeared to be within the normal range for age. Conclusions An independent circadian factor modulates the intensity of RLS, which seems to peak on the falling phase of the core temperature cycle. Therefore, the diagnostic criteria that RLS occurs with rest and during the night have independent bases. Furthermore, RLS may be partially controlled by some process or substance whose level varies with the normal circadian rhythm.
266 citations
TL;DR: Older people typically exhibit poor sleep efficiency and reduced nocturnal plasma melatonin levels, and the daytime administration of oral melatonin to younger people, in doses that raise their plasmamelatonin levels to theNocturnal range, can accelerate sleep onset.
Abstract: Older people typically exhibit poor sleep efficiency and reduced nocturnal plasma melatonin levels. The daytime administration of oral melatonin to younger people, in doses that raise their plasma melatonin levels to the nocturnal range, can accelerate sleep onset. We examined the ability of similar, physiological doses to restore nighttime melatonin levels and sleep efficiency in insomniac subjects over 50 yr old. In a double-blind, placebocontrolled study, subjects who slept normally (n 15) or exhibited actigraphically confirmed decreases in sleep efficiency (n 15) received, in randomized order, a placebo and three melatonin doses (0.1, 0.3, and 3.0 mg) orally 30 min before bedtime for a week. Treatments were separated by 1-wk washout periods. Sleep data were obtained by polysomnography on the last three nights of each treatment period. The physiologic melatonin dose (0.3 mg) restored sleep efficiency (P < 0.0001), acting principally in the midthird of the night; it also elevated plasma melatonin levels (P < 0.0008) to normal. The pharmacologic dose (3.0 mg), like the lowest dose (0.1 mg), also improved sleep; however, it induced hypothermia and caused plasma melatonin to remain elevated into the daylight hours. Although control subjects, like insomniacs, had low melatonin levels, their sleep was unaffected by any melatonin dose. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 4727–4730, 2001)
265 citations
TL;DR: Nonvisible (autonomic) sleep fragmentation makes normal subjects sleepier and impairs their mood, and daytime function after each study night is tested.
Abstract: Patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) suffer from impaired daytime function that correlates with hypoxemia and visible electroencephalographic (EEG) arousals. However, not all breathing irregularities during sleep terminate with visible EEG arousal. We hypothesized that sleep disturbance without visible EEG change may impair daytime function. Twelve normal subjects spent two pairs of 2 nights each in the laboratory. The first night of each pair was for acclimatization. On the second night, subjects either slept undisturbed or had sleep fragmented every minute to cause a transient increase in arterial blood pressure or increase in heart rate without visible EEG arousal. We tested daytime function after each study night. We presented 253 +/- 23 tones (mean +/- SD), 79 +/- 7% of which did not cause visible EEG arousals. Fragmentation did not alter total sleep time (undisturbed: 419 +/- 27 min; fragmented: 414 +/- 32 min; p = 0.5) or arousal frequency (undisturbed: 22 +/- 4/h; fragmented: 25 +/- 6/h; p = 0.4). Fragmentation reduced slow-wave sleep (undisturbed: 24 +/- 5%; fragmented: 20 +/- 4%; p < 0.01), mean sleep onset latency on the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) (undisturbed: 8.0 +/- 3.1; fragmented: 6.2 +/- 2.1 min; p = 0.01) and the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) (undisturbed: 29.0 +/- 10.0 min; fragmented 25.7 +/- 9.7 min; p = 0.04). Fragmentation decreased hedonic tone at 7 A.M. (27 +/- 4, 25 +/- 6; p = 0.03). Nonvisible (autonomic) sleep fragmentation makes normal subjects sleepier and impairs their mood.
265 citations
TL;DR: It is reported how one night of sleep loss led to increased impulsivity to negative stimuli, such that sleep deprived individuals had an increased failure to inhibit a response and faster incorrect responses.
265 citations