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Sleep disorder

About: Sleep disorder is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 884281 citations. The topic is also known as: somnipathy & non-organic sleep disorder.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although insomnia symptoms are common in the general population, sleep disturbances among sleep-dissatisfied individuals are more severe and sleep dissatisfaction seems a better indicator of sleep pathology than insomnia symptoms.
Abstract: BACKGROUND The complex nature of insomnia and its relationship with organic and mental disorders render diagnosis problematic for epidemiologists and physicians. METHOD A representative UK sample (non-institutionalised, > 14 years old) was interviewed by telephone (n = 4972; 79.6% participation rate) with the Sleep-EVAL system. Subjects fell into three groups according to presence of insomnia symptom(s) and/or sleep dissatisfaction. RESULTS Insomnia symptoms occurred in 36.2% of subjects. Most of these (75.9%), however, reported no sleep dissatisfaction. In comparison, those also with sleep dissatisfaction had higher prevalence of sleep and mental disorders and longer duration of insomnia symptoms, and were more likely to take sleep-promoting medication, dread bedtime, and complain of light sleep, poor night-time sleep and daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia sufferers differ as to whether they are satisfied or dissatisfied with sleep. Although insomnia symptoms are common in the general population, sleep disturbances among sleep-dissatisfied individuals are more severe. Sleep dissatisfaction seems a better indicator of sleep pathology than insomnia symptoms.

225 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To determine the role of activity status and social life satisfaction on the report of insomnia symptoms and sleeping habits, a large sample of smokers and non-smokers were recruited for a large number of studies.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of activity status and social life satisfaction on the report of insomnia symptoms and sleeping habits. DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone survey using the SleepEVAL knowledge base system. SETTING: Representative samples of three general populations (United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy). PARTICIPANTS: 13,057 subjects age 15 and older: 4,972 in the United Kingdom, 4,115 in Germany, and 3,970 in Italy. These subjects were representative of 160 million inhabitants. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical questionnaire on insomnia and investigation of associated pathologies (psychiatric and neurological disorders). RESULTS: Insomnia symptoms were reported by more than one-third of the population age 65 and older. Multivariate models showed that age was not a predictive factor of insomnia symptoms when controlling for activity status and social life satisfaction. The level of activity and social interactions had no influence on napping, but age was found to have a significant positive effect on napping. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the aging process per se is not responsible for the increase of insomnia often reported in older people. Instead, inactivity, dissatisfaction with social life, and the presence of organic diseases and mental disorders were the best predictors of insomnia, age being insignificant. Healthy older people (i.e., without organic or mental pathologies) have a prevalence of insomnia symptoms similar to that observed in younger people. Moreover, being active and satisfied with social life are protective factors against insomnia at any age.

225 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings support the generally held opinion that as people grow older their sleep pattern changes and any evaluation of the normal sleep pattern must necessarily take into account the variations due to such factors as age, sex and social class.
Abstract: Before drawing any conclusions from our data we must first recognize the limitations of this type of enquiry. The 2,446 subjects who co-operated in the enquiry did not by any means constitute a randomly selected sample of the community and their responses cannot be taken as representative of the normal population as a whole. In formulating the questionnaire we attempted to minimize the subjective nature of the responses but our findings are still open to the usual criticisms applicable to all surveys involving an impersonal questionnaire approach. Although one might object that the individual may misrepresent his actual sleep habits in his own introspective report, the same objection might be levelled at much of the information obtained in clinical interviews. In any clinical investigation we find ourselves partly dependent on the patient's subjective assessment of his own symptoms. One might argue that the phenomenon of sleep is particularly vulnerable to subjective error and indeed, some investigations, using objective methods of measurement such as the EEG, have demonstrated the discrepancy between subjective and objective assessment of sleep disturbance. If it were further established that the tendency to over estimate sleep disturbance increases sharply with age and is more prevalent in women than men, the reliability of our data would obviously be affected. As yet, however, there is no objective evidence to support such an argument. One might also note that investigation of the sleep pattern by external observation and objective methods of measurement themselves introduce an artificial variable which may disturb the normal sleep pattern. Nevertheless, we must be cautious in interpreting our subjects' reports regarding their sleep in too literal a manner. The information in this survey allows us to report with some confidence on the way in which individuals view their own sleep habits, and the information might also be thought to have a higher objective reliability than the pure assumptions which are normally made on this subject. The study has certainly suggested that any evaluation of the normal sleep pattern must necessarily take into account the variations due to such factors as age, sex and social class. Our findings support the generally held opinion that as people grow older their sleep pattern changes. This change appears to include a reduction in the number of hours slept, an increase in the time taken in getting off to sleep and a greater tendency for sleep to be light and easily disturbed by frequent night wakening. At the same time we have noted that as age advances people tend to complain less of morning tiredness. It is possible that, as age advances, people do not subjectively experience any great harm from the change in their sleep pattern, and that, as we grow older, we require less sleep. The variation of the sleep pattern with age is much more marked in the case of the female subjects of our sample. Although the two sexes do not differ significantly in the average number of hours slept, there are a number of significant variations in the form which their sleep takes. In general the sleep pattern of the female tends to change earlier than that of the male, usually during middle age. The change in the male sleep pattern with age is not only less marked but tends to be fully established later—some time after the retiral age of 65 years. We have also seen that the incidence in the use of hypnotics appears to increase rapidly with age but our findings suggest that this increase is almost entirely specific to women, 45 per cent. of whom admitted to taking a regular hypnotic in their 70's. The incidence of reported nervousness is again much higher in the case of women and reaches its peak between the ages of 25 and 44 years. These findings might be, of course, interpreted as merely indicating that men are less inclined to admit to taking a regular hypnotic or to being of a nervous disposition. A positive relationship has been demonstrated between the subjective estimation of nervousness and specific changes in the pattern of sleep as evaluated by the subjects. Those people who describe themselves as being nervous tend to report more difficulty in getting off to sleep and a more disturbed night's sleep. They are also more likely to complain of physical symptoms such as heart conditions, high blood pressure and severe headaches. It would thus seem that our general physical and mental state is reflected in the form and quality of our sleep. Investigations of this type seem worthwhile in providing some sort of standard upon which an individual's sleep pattern may be more objectively evaluated. It is our intention to follow this investigation with a similar study applied to the patterns of sleep typical of patients receiving psychiatric treatment.

225 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alleviation of climacteric symptoms was the most important predictive factor for the beneficial effect of estrogen replacement therapy on sleep complaints and significantly diminished sleep complaints among postmenopausal women.

225 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The presence of altered motor subtypes in PD with RBD suggests that patients with PD and RBD may have a different underlying pattern of neurodegeneration than PD patients without RBD.
Abstract: Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and recent studies have suggested that RBD in PD is associated with increased cognitive impairment, waking EEG slowing, autonomic impairment and lower quality of life on mental health components. However, it is unclear whether the association of RBD in PD has implications for motor manifestations of the disease. Methods: The study evaluated 36 patients with PD for the presence of RBD by polysomnography. Patients underwent an extensive evaluation on and off medication by a movement disorders specialist blinded to the polysomnography results. Measures of disease severity, quantitative motor indices, motor subtypes, complications of therapy and response to therapy were assessed and compared using regression analysis that adjusted for disease duration and age. Results: Patients with PD and RBD were less likely to be tremor predominant (14% vs 53%; p Conclusions: The presence of altered motor subtypes in PD with RBD suggests that patients with PD and RBD may have a different underlying pattern of neurodegeneration than PD patients without RBD.

225 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023344
2022644
20211,073
2020954
2019742
2018751