Topic
Sleep disorder
About: Sleep disorder is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 884281 citations. The topic is also known as: somnipathy & non-organic sleep disorder.
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TL;DR: Based on a review of the body of literature examining neurobehavioural impairments in primary insomnia, it appears that the deficits associated with insomnia are relatively subtle and may be qualitatively different to those that result from other sleep disorders and from imposed sleep deprivation.
218 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that objective sleep duration may predict the severity of chronic insomnia, including its effect on neurocognitive function.
Abstract: INSOMNIA IS THE MOST COMMON SLEEP DISORDER, YET LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE MECHANISMS, CAUSES, CLINICAL COURSE, AND CONSEQUENCES of this highly prevalent chronic condition.1 Many studies have established that insomnia is highly comorbid with psychiatric disorders and is a risk factor for the development of depression, anxiety, and suicide.2 However, the evidence on the association of insomnia with medical morbidity is very limited.1,2
Although insomniacs commonly complain of cognitive deficits, mainly of attention and concentration, there is a surprising lack of evidence to suggest a link between chronic insomnia and cognitive dysfunction in objective testing.3–5 In fact, published reviews demonstrated poorer performance among patients with insomnia in only a small number of studies (approximately 10% to 25%), according to the 2006 Standards in Insomnia Committee. Thus they concluded that no specific psychomotor or cognitive-performance measure can be recommended for routine use in insomnia studies.6 In the 3 most recent studies,7–9 using polysomnography and performance data to compare insomniacs to normal sleepers, results were mixed. Two of 3 studies included only small sample sizes, whereas the third included a relatively large group of research volunteer primary insomniacs and used a rather narrowly focused battery. To date, our sample is the largest population-based study using full polysomnography and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery that has been conducted in adults to investigate the association of insomnia and performance.
We have previously reported that objective short sleep duration in insomnia may be an index of the biological severity of the disorder. Specifically, insomnia with short sleep duration has been shown to be associated with a high risk for hypertension10 and type 2 diabetes11 as well as with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.12–14 The latter finding is particularly relevant to neuropsychological performance because hyperactivity of the HPA axis has been shown to be associated with neurocognitive deficits.15–18
Based on these observations, we speculate that insomniacs with short sleep duration may be at high risk for deficits in neuropsychological performance. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the joint effects of the complaint of chronic insomnia and objective sleep duration on the neuropsychological performance of a large cross-sectional population-based sample from The Penn State Cohort.
218 citations
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TL;DR: It is important to note that definitions of normal sleep patterns, sleep requirements, and sleep disorders in childhood must necessarily incorporate the wide range of normal developmental and physical maturational changes across childhood and adolescence, and cultural, environmental, and social influences.
Abstract: Approximately 25% of all children experience some type of sleep problem at some point during childhood. A number of studies have examined the prevalence of parent- and child-reported sleep complaints in large samples of healthy, typically developing children and adolescents; many of these have also further delineated the association between disrupted sleep and behavioral concerns. Sleep problems are even more prevalent in children and adolescents with chronic medical, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric conditions. It is important to note that definitions of normal sleep patterns, sleep requirements, and sleep disorders in childhood must necessarily incorporate the wide range of normal developmental and physical maturational changes across childhood and adolescence, and cultural, environmental, and social influences.
218 citations
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TL;DR: Findings provide evidence that sleep disturbance prior to a traumatic event is a risk factor for development of posttraumatic psychiatric disorder.
Abstract: THERE IS CONVERGENT EVIDENCE THAT LIFETIME HISTORY OF INSOMNIA IS A RISK FACTOR FOR SUBSEQUENT PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER. STUDIES OF adults have repeatedly found that sleep disturbance is associated with greater risk for development of depression1–5 and anxiety1,3 in adults. There is also evidence that sleep problems in children or adolescents is predictive of subsequent mental health problems.6
One possible reason for the relationship between sleep disturbance and subsequent psychiatric disorder is that impaired sleep may limit one's capacity to manage stressors that precipitate psychiatric disorder. Impaired sleep disturbance prior to a stressor may contribute to subsequent disorder because it (a) limits the cognitive resources available to manage the stress, (b) contributes to hyperarousal that may lead to psychiatric disorder, (c) represents an additional stressor that compounds the effect of the environmental stressor, or (d) limits restorative sleep that is required to manage stressful events. To date, no studies have directly examined the influence of sleep disturbance immediately prior to experiencing a marked stressor on development of subsequent psychiatric disorder. Previous epidemiological studies have typically studied the onset of chronic sleep disturbance prior to the onset of psychiatric disorder; however, this approach does not allow specification of the sleep disturbance immediately prior to a stressor that may precipitate psychiatric disorder. One small study reported that sleep disturbance prior to Hurricane Andrew was associated with increased risk of disorder following the trauma.7 This study's conclusions were limited, however, by obtaining reports of pre-trauma sleep functioning 6 months after the hurricane.
The current study aims to test the proposal that sleep disturbance immediately prior to traumatic stressor increases the risk of subsequent psychiatric disorder. This large longitudinal study of survivors of traumatic injury was conducted across 4 hospital sites and assessed sleep disturbance in the 2 weeks prior to the traumatic injury. Participants were re-assessed 3 months later to determine the relationship between sleep disturbance and development of a range of psychiatric disorders. We predicted that patients with sleep disturbance immediately prior to the traumatic injury would be more likely to develop posttraumatic psychiatric disorders. On the basis of convergent evidence that sleep disturbance is prevalent in many psychiatric disorders,8 it is important to ensure that the effect of sleep disturbance is not a proxy for the influence of prior psychiatric disturbance immediately prior to the trauma. Accordingly, this study assessed for lifetime psychiatric disorders, and controlled for prior disorder.
218 citations
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TL;DR: The dental-appliance group showed significantly higher success and normalization rates regarding the somnographic variables compared to the UPPP group, but the effectiveness of the dental appliance was partly invalidated by the compliance of 62% at the 4-year follow-up.
218 citations