Sleep disorder

About: Sleep disorder is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 884281 citations. The topic is also known as: somnipathy & non-organic sleep disorder.

Risk of Napping: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Mortality in an Older Community Population

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic and health-related factors related to excessive daytime sleepiness. To estimate the risk of mortality associated with excessive daytime sleepiness independent of nighttime sleep problems and other factors that limit survival. DESIGN: Four-year prospective cohort study with annual interviews. SETTING: One urban and four rural counties in north-central North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: Adults 65 years and older (n = 3962) living in the community. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Excessive daytime sleepiness was measured as, “How often do you get so sleepy during the day or evening that you have to take a nap?” Mortality was based on continuous surveillance of the population by field investigators and abstraction of death certificates. RESULTS: Point prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness in this population was 25.2%. Frequent daytime nappers were more likely than infrequent nappers to report nighttime sleep complaints and were more likely to be male and urban-dwellers, to report more depressive symptoms, more limited physical activity, and more functional impairment, and were more likely to be overweight. Of the frequent nappers, 23.9% died, compared with 15.4% of infrequent nappers. In an adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, the 4-year mortality rate was accelerated 1.73 times among older people who nap most of the time and make two or more errors on a cognitive status examination. CONCLUSION: Excessive napping is associated with impaired sleep hygiene as well as with a broad range of activity-related health deficits among community-dwelling older adults. Frequent napping was associated with impaired sleep hygiene, male gender, urban-dwelling, depressive symptoms, physical activity deficits, functional impairment, and excess weight. Mortality risk was elevated selectively among the most cognitively impaired subjects.

Insomnia comorbidity and impact and hypnotic use by age group in a national survey population aged 16 to 74 years

Abstract: Study Objectives: To compare age-group differences in somatic/psychiatric comorbidity, impact, and pharmacotherapy associated with sleep disturbance across a broad adult age range. Design: Cross-sectional national mental health survey. Setting: Adults living in private households in England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants: 8,580 people aged 16 to 74 years. Measurements and Results: Insomnia (4 symptom/syndrome definitions), depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and daytime fatigue were defined from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Any insomnia was reported by 37% of the sample, moderate insomnia by 12%, insomnia with fatigue by 13%, and symptoms fulfilling diagnostic criteria for primary/secondary insomnia by 5%. All categories of insomnia were associated with mental disorders, worse physical health, and fatigue to a similar degree in all decade age groups. The associations between insomnia categories and separated, divorced, or widowed marital status were strongest in younger participants. Insomnia categories were of longer reported duration and more strongly associated with worse physical health-related quality of life (SF-12) in older age groups. For participants with any definition of insomnia, benzodiazepine hypnotics were more commonly reported in older age groups. Conclusions: The association between insomnia and impaired quality of life is most pronounced in older age groups. Associations with physical and mental health status and those with daytime fatigue do not vary in strength between age groups. Older people with insomnia in this population were more likely to be taking benzodiazepine hypnotics. Keywords : Insomnia, national survey, depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, quality of life, fatigue, hypnotic use, ageing Citation: Stewart R; Besset A; Bebbington P et al. Insomnia comorbidity and impact and hypnotic use by age group in a national survey population aged 16 to 74 years.

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies:

Abstract: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia manifested by vivid, often frightening dreams associated with simple or complex motor behavior during REM sleep. Patients appe...

Sleep and breathing in Prader-Willi syndrome.

Abstract: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder, with hypotonia being the predominant feature in infancy, and developmental delay, obesity, and behavioral problems becoming more prominent in childhood and adolescence. Children with this disorder frequently suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness and have a primary abnormality of the circadian rhythm of rapid eye movement sleep. They also have primary abnormal ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, and these abnormalities may be exacerbated by obesity. Children with PWS are at risk of a variety of abnormalities of breathing during sleep, including obstructive sleep apnea and sleep-related alveolar hypoventilation. Clinical evaluation should include a careful history of sleep-related symptoms and assessment of the upper airway and lung function. Polysomnography should be considered for those with symptoms suggestive of sleep-disordered breathing. Treatment options depend on the underlying problem, but may include behavioral interventions, weight control, adenotonsillectomy, and nocturnal ventilation.

Core symptoms of major depressive disorder: relevance to diagnosis and treatment

Abstract: The construct of major depressive disorder makes no etiological assumptions about populations with diverse symptom clusters. “Depressed mood” and “loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities” are core features of a major depressive episode, though a strong case can be made to pay increasing attention to symptoms of fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and neurocognitive and sexual dysfunction in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment outcome. Mood, guilt, work, and interest, as well as psychic anxiety, are consistently identified across validated subscales of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale as prevalent and sensitive to change with existing treatments. A major limitation of these antidepressant therapies is their narrow spectrum of action. While the core “mood and interest” symptoms have been the main focus of attention, the associated symptoms listed above are often unaffected or exacerbated by current treatments. Careful clinical evaluation should address all of these dimensions, recognizing that improvement may occur sooner in some symptoms (eg, mood) compared with others (eg, sleep disturbance).