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Sleep disorder

About: Sleep disorder is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 884281 citations. The topic is also known as: somnipathy & non-organic sleep disorder.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In children with significant symptoms of ADHD, the prevalence of SDB is not different from that of the general pediatric population and that rapid eye movement sleep in these children is disturbed and may contribute to the severity of their behavioral manifestations, which can lead to mild ADHD-like behaviors.
Abstract: Objectives. This study examined the hypothesis that domains of neurobehavioral function would be selectively affected by sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Therefore, we assessed potential relationships between objectively measured sleep disturbances and neurobehavioral function in children with reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and also determined the incidence of snoring and other sleep problems in 5- to 7-year-old children in the local community and potential relationships to parental snoring and passive smoking. Methods. Parents of 5- to 7-year-old children in public schools were surveyed about their child’s sleeping habits using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire also asked whether they believed their child to be hyperactive or have ADHD. Children with reported symptoms of ADHD and control children were randomly selected and invited to the Sleep Medicine Center for an overnight polysomnographic assessment and a battery of neurocognitive tests. Results. The questionnaire response rate was 47.6% (n = 5728). Frequent and loud snoring was reported for 673 children (11.7%). Similarly, 418 (7.3%) children were reported to have hyperactivity/ADHD, 313 (76.5%) of which were boys. Eighty-three children with parentally reported symptoms of ADHD were invited for full evaluation at the Sleep Medicine Center together with 34 control children. After assessment with the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale, 44 children were designated as having “significant” symptoms of ADHD, 27 as “mild,” and 39 designated as “none” (controls). Overnight polysomnography indicated that obstructive sleep apnea was present in 5% of those with significant ADHD symptoms, 26% of those with mild symptoms, and 5% of those with no symptoms. In the cohort, no sleep variable accounted for more than a negligible proportion of the variance in domains of neurobehavioral function. Conclusions. An unusually high prevalence of snoring was identified among a group of children designated as showing mild symptoms of ADHD based on the Conners’ ADHD index identified from a community sample. However, whereas SDB is not more likely to occur among children with significant ADHD symptoms, it is significantly highly prevalent among children with mild hyperactive behaviors. Sleep studies further revealed that rapid eye movement disturbances are more likely to occur in children with significant symptoms, and they seem to impose significant but mild effects on daytime neurobehavioral functioning. We conclude that in children with significant symptoms of ADHD, the prevalence of SDB is not different from that of the general pediatric population and that rapid eye movement sleep in these children is disturbed and may contribute to the severity of their behavioral manifestations. Furthermore, SDB can lead to mild ADHD-like behaviors that can be readily misperceived and potentially delay the diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

491 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2001-Sleep
TL;DR: This study assessed the extent to which sleep-disordered breathing, difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) were associated with impairment of quality of life (QoL) using the SF-36 to suggest mild to moderate SDB is associated with reduced vitality, while severeSDB is more broadly associated with poorer QoL.
Abstract: This study assessed the extent to which sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) were associated with impairment of quality of life (QoL) using the SF-36. Participants (n=5,816; mean age=63 years; 52.5% women) were enrolled in the nation-wide population-based Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) implemented to investigate sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. Each transformed SF-36 scale was analyzed independently using multiple logistic regression analysis with sleep and other potential confounding variables (e.g., age, ethnicity) included as independent variables. Men (11.6%) were significantly more likely to have SDB compared to women (5.6%), while women (42.4%) were significantly more likely to report DIMS than men (32.5%). Vitality was the sole SF-36 scale to have a linear association with the clinical categories of SDB (mild, moderate, severe SDB). However, individuals with severe SDB indicated significantly poorer QoL on several SF-36 scales. Both DIMS and EDS were strongly associated with reduced QoL even after adjusting for confounding variables for both sexes. Findings suggest 1) mild to moderate SDB is associated with reduced vitality, while severe SDB is more broadly associated with poorer QoL, 2) subjective sleep symptoms are comprehensively associated with poorer QoL, and 3) SF-36 mean score profiles for SDB and sleep symptoms are equivalent to other chronic diseases in the U.S. general population.

488 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review of RLS covers history, diagnosis, morbidity of sleep disturbance, relation to periodic limb movements in both sleep and waking, secondary causes, severity assessment methods, phenotypes for possible genetic patterns, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and medical treatmentconsiderations.
Abstract: Restless legs syndrome (RLS), although long ignored and still much underdiagnosed, disrupts the life and sleep considerably of those who have it. Recent clinical and basic research provides for better definition and pathophysiologic understanding of the disorder. The body of knowledge about this disorder has been expanding rapidly during the past decade and it has altered our concepts of this disorder. This review of RLS covers history, diagnosis, morbidity of sleep disturbance, relation to periodic limb movements in both sleep and waking, secondary causes, severity assessment methods, phenotypes for possible genetic patterns, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and medical treatment considerations. The emphasis on pathophysiology includes consideration of central nervous system localization, neurotransmitter and other systems involved, and the role of iron metabolism. Studies to date support the authors' recently advanced iron-dopamine model of RLS.

486 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2000-Sleep
TL;DR: The study examined the prevalence and correlates of insomnia in a representative sample of Japan and found that older age, being unemployed, lack of habitual exercise, poor perceived health, psychological stress, and being unable to cope with stress were associated with an increased prevalence of insomnia.
Abstract: The study examined the prevalence and correlates of insomnia in a representative sample (n=3030) from the general population of Japan Using a structured questionnaire, we found that the overall prevalence of insomnia during the preceding month was 214%, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS: 83%), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS: 150%), and early morning awakening (EMA: 80%) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that older age, being unemployed, lack of habitual exercise, poor perceived health, psychological stress, and being unable to cope with stress were associated with an increased prevalence of insomnia These findings indicate that the prevalence of insomnia in the general population of Japan is comparable to that reported in Western countries, and that insomnia is associated with multiple psychosocial factors

484 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1995-Sleep
TL;DR: Data show that significant sleep loss exists in one-third or more of normal adults, that the effects are large and replicable and that similar effects can be produced in just 1 night in the laboratory.
Abstract: Summary: Data from recent laboratory studies indicate that nocturnal sleep periods reduced by as little as 1.3 to 1.5 hours for 1 night result in reduction of daytime alertness by as much as 32% as measured by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Other data document that 1) 170/0--57% of normal young adults have MSLT latencies of ::;5.5 minutes, whereas ::;50% have MSLT values of ~ 10 minutes and 2) 28°/0--29% of young adults reported normally sleeping ::;6.5 hours on each weeknight. More extensive reduction of daily sleep amount is seen in night­ shift workers. A minimum of 2%-4% of middle-aged adults have hypersomnolence associated with sleep apnea. Together, these data show that significant sleep loss exists in one-third or more of normal adults, that the effects are large and replicable and that similar effects can be produced in just I night in the laboratory. In light of the magnitude of this sleep debt, it is not surprising that fatigue is a factor in 57% of accidents leading to the death of a truck driver and in 10% of fatal car accidents and results in costs of up to 56 billion dollars per year. A recent sleep extension study suggests that the average underlying sleep tendency in young adults is about 8.5 hours per night. By comparison, the average reported sleep length of 7.2-7.4 hours is deficient, and common sleep lengths of ::;6.5 hours can be disastrous. We must recognize the alertness function of sleep and the increasing consequences of sleepiness with the same vigor that we have come to recognize the societal impact of alcohol. Key Words: Sleep deprivation-Sleepiness-Sleep disorders- Work schedule tolerance. Weare in the midst of a golden age of discovery of the intricate interrelationship between our nocturnal sleep process and our level of daytime function. Fueled by the discovery of the tremendous incidence of sleep apnea and periodic leg movements in the population, the relationship between fragmented sleep and residual sleepiness, as well as the increased ability to measure the level of objective sleepiness with an objective test [the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)] and in am­ bulatory environments, the pervasive role of excessive sleepiness in our society is becoming apparent. Much literature documents the negative effects of sleep deprivation on a wide range of psychomotor per­ formance tasks and mood variables. For the sake of simplicity, the primary outcome measure reported in this paper will be MSL T. However, the MSL T findings reported are consistent with similar changes in a broad range of abilities, including reaction time, short-term memory, vigilance and mood (1). Many empirical and applied studies have provided evidence for our national sleep debt. The degree of our

483 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023344
2022644
20211,073
2020954
2019742
2018751