Showing papers on "Sleep (system call) published in 1987"

Electronic sleep monitor headgear

Abstract: Electronic filters are applied to analog signals representative of eye movement and head movement, obtained from detectors attached to a simple headgear, to provide satisfactory information for automatically reporting an individual's sleep state. The filters determine whether there has been substantial eye and head movement in a given period. Each filter then generates binary output signals representing movement (or the absence of it). Noise filters and a comparison filter are then applied to the binary output signals to predict sleep state; REM sleep; NREM sleep; or wakefulness.

Sleep in pilots flying short-haul commercial schedules

Abstract: To observe the effects of commercial short-haul flight operations on sleep, 74 pilot volunteers were monitored before, during and after three- or four-day duty schedules. Subjects kept daily logs of times of going to bed, falling asleep, waking up and getting out of bed, and of the number of nocturnal awakenings and the duration of sleep (not including time in bed but awake). They also rated the quality of each night's sleep. Heart rate and the activity of the non-dominant wrist were recorded every 2 min throughout the study, using portable physiological monitors. Average heart rate and wrist activity during sleep were used as physiological indicators of sleep quality. Pilots fell asleep later and woke up earlier on trip nights. The timing and duration of sleep were strongly correlated with the timing and duration of the time available for sleep, i.e. the time between duty days. In particular, early duty report times necessitated early arousals. On the other hand, sleep quality was most consisten...

Measurement of Sleep Fragmentation

Abstract: It has been widely observed that a period of good sleep leaves a person refreshed, frequently energetic, enthusiastic, and in good spirits; on the other hand, poor sleep is associated with daytime sleepiness, lethargy, and frequently mild to moderate forms of ill-temper. However, the specific set of variables that determines the quality of sleep remains elusive. It is the premise of this chapter that the fragmentation (or continuity) of sleep is one of the variables contributing to the quality of a period of sleep and thus a measurement technique for this parameter would be useful for analyzing sleep studies and testing hypotheses. Sleep fragmentation may be thought of as the pessimist’s view of sleep continuity insofar as decreasing sleep fragmentation is equivalent to increasing sleep continuity, and vice versa. As one sometimes views the world with a pessimist’s eye and sometimes with an optimist’s eye, both terms will be used interchangeably in this chapter.

Controller for lighting fixture

Abstract: PURPOSE: To enable speedy automatic put-OFF operation of a lighting fixture when such operation is needed after the fixture automatically put ON by detecting the existence of a user to operate a first timer so as to keep put-ON operation the fixture for a specified time, and then by putting it OFF speedily through a second time upon redetection of the user within this specified time. CONSTITUTION: When a person going to sleep on a bed stands and steps on the sensor of a floor mat 7, a first timer 17 of a controller starts operation, and then a lighting fixture 5 keeps lighting operation for a specified time. When it is detected that he steps on the mat 7 again, a second timer 18 starts operation, and then the fixture is put OFF in a short time before the end of the set time. It is thus possible to perform automatic put OFF operation speedily when the illumination is useless after the automatic put-ON operation. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO&Japio

Acoustic equipment with sleep timer

Abstract: PURPOSE:To attain pleasant sleep by providing the 1st sound volume setting means used at the operation of a sleep timer and the 2nd sound volume setting means used at awakening. CONSTITUTION:The sound volume at the normal state and awake and the sound volume at the sleep timer operation are set independently. A signal detected by a detection circuit 10 is amplified by a low frequency amplifier circuit 20 through a variable resistor 11 and relay terminals T1, T3 of a relay 1 and outputted at a speaker terminal 50. In turning on a sleep timer switch 13 at the sleep timer operation, the relay 1 is activated, the relay terminals T2, T3 of the relay 1 are closed, the detected signal is amplified by the low frequency amplifier circuit 20 via a variable resistor 12 for setting the sound volume at the sleep timer operation, the relay terminals T2, T3 of the relay 1 and outputted at the speaker terminal 50.