Showing papers on "Sleep (system call) published in 2016"

A global quantification of “normal” sleep schedules using smartphone data

Abstract: The influence of the circadian clock on sleep scheduling has been studied extensively in the laboratory; however, the effects of society on sleep remain largely unquantified. We show how a smartphone app that we have developed, ENTRAIN, accurately collects data on sleep habits around the world. Through mathematical modeling and statistics, we find that social pressures weaken and/or conceal biological drives in the evening, leading individuals to delay their bedtime and shorten their sleep. A country's average bedtime, but not average wake time, predicts sleep duration. We further show that mathematical models based on controlled laboratory experiments predict qualitative trends in sunrise, sunset, and light level; however, these effects are attenuated in the real world around bedtime. Additionally, we find that women schedule more sleep than men and that users reporting that they are typically exposed to outdoor light go to sleep earlier and sleep more than those reporting indoor light. Finally, we find that age is the primary determinant of sleep timing, and that age plays an important role in the variability of population-level sleep habits. This work better defines and personalizes "normal" sleep, produces hypotheses for future testing in the laboratory, and suggests important ways to counteract the global sleep crisis.

Voice Control User Interface with Progressive Command Engagement

Abstract: A method include placing a first processor in a sleep operating mode and running a second processor that is operative to wake the first processor from the sleep operating mode in response to a speech command phrase. The method includes identifying, by the second processor, a speech command phrase segment and performing a control operation in response to detecting the segment in detected speech. The control operation is performed while the first processor is maintained in the sleep operating mode.

Sleep Hunter: Towards Fine Grained Sleep Stage Tracking with Smartphones

Abstract: Sleep quality plays a vital role in personal health. A great deal of effort has been paid to design sleep quality monitoring systems, providing services ranging from bedtime monitoring to sleep activity detection. However, as sleep quality is closely related to the distribution of sleep duration over different sleep stages, neither the bedtime nor the intensity of sleep activities is able to reflect sleep quality precisely. We present Sleep Hunter, a mobile service that provides a fine-grained detection of sleep stage transition for sleep quality monitoring and intelligent wake-up call. The rationale is that each sleep stage is accompanied by specific body movements and acoustic signals. Leveraging the built-in sensors on smartphones, Sleep Hunter integrates these physical activities with sleep environment, inherent temporal relation, and personal factors by a statistical model for a fine-grained sleep stage detection. Based on the duration of each sleep stage, Sleep Hunter further provides sleep quality report and smart call service for users. Experimental results from over 30 sets of nocturnal sleep data show that our system is superior to existing actigraphy-based sleep quality monitoring systems, and achieves satisfying detection accuracy compared with dedicated polysomnography-based devices.

A “Sleep 101” Program for College Students Improves Sleep Hygiene Knowledge and Reduces Maladaptive Beliefs about Sleep

Abstract: Sensitizing young adults about sleep hygiene knowledge and helpful sleep attitudes may have the potential to instill long-lasting healthy sleep practices. Towards these ends, evaluation of psychoeducational program "Sleep 101" tailored to college students was undertaken. Following two weeks of sleep-log recordings, participants were randomly assigned to a Sleep 101 (experimental) condition or a sleep monitoring (control) condition. The Sleep 101 condition was comprised of two 90-minute workshops aimed to educate students about healthy sleep practices, helpful thoughts about sleep, and ways to improve sleep. The sleep monitoring group received a sleep hygiene handout and completed sleep logs for the study duration. Sleep 101 participants endorsed fewer maladaptive beliefs and attitudes about sleep, increased sleep hygiene knowledge, and reduced sleep onset latency compared to the sleep monitoring participants. Brief psychoeducational courses may be a cost-effective way to alleviate current, and/or prevent future, sleep problems in young adults.

Method and apparatus for improving and monitoring sleep

Abstract: A method performed by an apparatus for inducing a sound sleep to induce a sound sleep of an object who is sleeping includes: determining a first wake-up time of the object based on schedule information of the object; receiving bio-information of the object; determining a sleep state of the object from the bio-information of the object; changing the first wake-up time to a second wake-up time by taking into account the sleep state of the object; and outputting a wake-up alarm signal at the second wake-up time.

Comparisons of Portable Sleep Monitors of Different Modalities: Potential as Naturalistic Sleep Recorders

Abstract: Background: Humans spend more than a fourth of their life sleeping, and sleep quality has been significantly linked to health. However, the objective examination of ambulatory sleep quality remains a challenge, since sleep is a state of unconsciousness, which limits the reliability of self-reports. Therefore, a non-invasive, continuous, and objective method for the recording and analysis of naturalistic sleep is required. Objective: Portable sleep recording devices provide a suitable solution for the ambulatory analysis of sleep quality. In this study, the performance of two activity-based sleep monitors (Actiwatch and MTN-210) and a single-channel EEG-based sleep monitor (SleepScope) were compared in order to examine their reliability for the assessment of sleep quality. Methods: Twenty healthy adults were recruited for this study. First, data from daily activity recorded by Actiwatch and MTN-210 were compared to determine whether MTN-210, a more affordable device, could yield data similar to Actiwatch, the de-facto standard. In addition, sleep detection ability was examined using data obtained by polysomnography as reference. One simple analysis included comparing the sleep/wake detection ability of Actiwatch, MTN-210, and SleepScope. Furthermore, the fidelity of sleep stage determination was examined using SleepScope in finer time resolution. Results: The results indicate that MTN-210 demonstrates an activity pattern comparable to that of Actiwatch, although their sensitivity preferences were not identical. Moreover, MTN-210 provides assessment of sleep duration comparable to that of the wrist-worn Actiwatch when MTN-210 was attached to the body. SleepScope featured superior overall sleep detection performance among the three methods tested. Furthermore, SleepScope was able to provide information regarding sleep architecture, although systemic bias was found. Conclusion: The present results suggest that single-channel EEG-based sleep monitors are the superior option for the examination of naturalistic sleep. The current results pave a possible future use for reliable portable sleep assessment methods in an ambulatory rather than a laboratory setting.

Sleep Debt in Student Life: Online Attention Focus, Facebook, and Mood

Abstract: The amount of sleep college students receive has become a pressing societal concern. While studies show that information technology (IT) use affects sleep, here we examine the converse: how sleep duration might affect IT use. We conducted an in situ study, and logged computer and phone use and collected sleep diaries and daily surveys of 76 college students for seven days, all waking hours. We examined effects of sleep duration and sleep debt. Our results show that with less sleep, people report higher perceived work pressure and productivity. Also, computer focus duration is significantly shorter suggesting higher multitasking. The more sleep debt, the more Facebook use and the higher the negative mood. With less sleep, people may seek out activities requiring less attentional resources such as social media use. Our results have theoretical implications for multitasking: physiological and cognitive reasons could explain more computer activity switches: related to less sleep.

On-call work: To sleep or not to sleep? It depends.

Abstract: On-call working time arrangements are increasingly common, involve work only in the event of an unpredictable incident and exist primarily outside of standard hours. Like other non-standard working time arrangements, on-call work disrupts sleep and can therefore have negative effects on health, safety and performance. Unlike other non-standard working time arrangements, on-call work often allows sleep opportunities between calls. Any sleep obtained during on-call periods will be beneficial for waking performance. However, there is evidence that sleep while on call may be of substantially reduced restorative value because of the expectation of receiving the call and apprehension about missing the call. In turn, waking from sleep to respond to a call may be associated with temporary increases in performance impairment. This is dependent on characteristics of both the preceding sleep, the tasks required upon waking and the availability and utility of any countermeasures to support the transition from sleep to wake. In this paper, we critically evaluate the evidence both for and against sleeping during on-call periods and conclude that some sleep, even if it is of reduced quality and broken by repeated calls, is a good strategy. We also note, however, that organisations utilising on-call working time arrangements need to systematically manage the likelihood that on-call sleep can be associated with temporary performance impairments upon waking. Given that the majority of work in this area has been laboratory-based, there is a significant need for field-based investigations of the magnitude of sleep inertia, in addition to the utility of sleep inertia countermeasures. Field studies should include working with subject matter experts to identify the real-world impacts of changes in performance associated with sleeping, or not sleeping, whilst on call.

The Limited Capacity of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation.

Abstract: Sleep supports memory consolidation. However, the conceptually important influence of the amount of items encoded in a memory test on this effect has not been investigated. In two experiments, participants (n=101) learned lists of word-pairs varying in length (40, 160, 320 word-pairs) in the evening before a night of sleep (sleep group) or of sleep deprivation (wake group). After 36 h (including a night allowing recovery sleep) retrieval was tested. Compared with wakefulness, post-learning sleep enhanced retention for the 160 word-pair condition (p < 0.01), importantly, this effect completely vanished for the 320 word-pair condition. This result indicates a limited capacity for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, which is consistent with an active system consolidation view on sleep’s role for memory, if it is complemented by processes of active forgetting and/or gist abstraction. Whereas the absolute benefit from sleep should have increased with increasing amounts of successfully encoded items, if sleep only passively protected memory from interference. Moreover, the finding that retention performance was significantly diminished for the 320 word-pair condition compared to the 160 word-pair condition in the sleep group, makes it tempting to speculate that with increasing loads of information encoded during wakefulness, sleep might favour processes of forgetting over consolidation.

Heart rate variability with sleep detection

Abstract: A system uses continuous tracking of sleep activity and heart rate activity to evaluate heart rate variability immediately before transitioning to an awake state, e.g., at the end of the last phase of deep sleep. In particular, a wearable, continuous physiological monitoring system as described herein includes one or more sensors to detect sleep states, the transitions between sleep states, and the transitions from a sleep state to an awake state for a user. This information can be used in conjunction with continuously monitored heart rate data to calculate heart rate variability of the user at the end of the last phase of sleep preceding the user waking up. By using the history of heart rate data in conjunction with sleep activity in this manner, an accurate and consistent recovery score can be calculated based on heart rate variability.

An unobtrusive sleep monitoring system for the human sleep behaviour understanding

Abstract: Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout our life. Getting enough quality sleep at the right times can help protect mental and physical health, quality of life, and safety. Emerging wearable devices allow people to measure and keep track of sleep duration, patterns, and quality. Often, these approaches are intrusive and change the user's daily sleep habits. In this paper, we present an unobtrusive approach for the detection of sleep stages and positions. The proposed system is able to overcome the weakness of classic actigraphy-based systems, since it is easy to deploy and it is based on inexpensive technology. With respect to the actigraphy-based systems, the proposed system is able to detect the bed posture, that is crucial to support pressure ulcer prevention (i.e. bedsores). Results from our algorithm look promising and show that we can accurately infer sleep duration, sleep positions, and routines with a completely unobtrusive approach.

Internet of things for sleep quality monitoring system: A survey

Abstract: Sleep quality is an important factor for human physical and mental health, day-time performance, and safety. Sufficient sleep quality can reduce risk of chronic disease and mental depression. Sleep helps brain to work properly that can improve productivity and prevent accident because of falling asleep. In order to analyze the sleep quality, reliable continuous monitoring system is required. The emergence of internet-of-things technology has provided a promising opportunity to build a reliable sleep quality monitoring system by leveraging the rapid improvement of sensor and mobile technology. This paper presents the literature study about internet of things for sleep quality monitoring systems. The study is started from the review of sleep quality problem, the importance of sleep quality monitoring, the enabling internet of things technology, and the open issues in this field. Finally, our future research plan for sleep apnea monitoring is presented.

Impact of Sleep Telemedicine Protocol in Management of Sleep Apnea: A 5-Year VA Experience

Abstract: Background: There is growing evidence that demonstrates an important role for telemedicine technologies in enhancing healthcare delivery. A comprehensive sleep telemedicine protocol was implemented at the Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC), Milwaukee, WI, in 2008 in an effort to improve access to sleep specialty care. The telemedicine protocol relied heavily on sleep specialist interventions based on chart review (electronic consult [e-consult]). This was done in response to long wait time for sleep clinic visits as well as delayed sleep study appointments. Since 2008 all consults are screened by sleep service to determine the next step in intervention. Based on chart review, the following steps are undertaken: (1) eligibility for portable versus in-lab sleep study is determined, and a sleep study order is placed accordingly, (2) positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is prescribed for confirmed sleep apnea, and (3) need for in-person evaluation in the sleep clinic is determined, and t...

Smart sleep reminding method and smart sleep reminding device

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention disclose a smart sleep reminding method and a smart sleep reminding device. The method comprises the steps as follows: judging whether the current time of a terminal reaches a preset specific reminding time; detecting whether the display panel of the terminal is bright when judging that the current time of a terminal reaches the preset specific reminding time; and calling the display panel of the terminal to display sleep reminding information when detecting that the display panel of the terminal is bright. According to the invention, users are intelligently reminded of the time for sleep, the problem that users stay up late playing with the mobile phone can be improved, users can have adequate sleep time, and the physical and mental health of users can be improved.

Promoting Sleep Health Among Families of Young Children in Head Start: Protocol for a Social-Ecological Approach.

Abstract: Inadequate or poor quality sleep in early childhood impairs social-emotional and cognitive function via effects on the developing brain and increases obesity risk via hormonal and endocrine effects. The prevalence of short sleep duration, behavioral sleep problems, and sleep-disordered breathing among children aged 3 to 5 years is 20% to 50%. Healthy sleep habits increase sleep duration and prevent behavioral sleep problems. Awareness of sleep-disordered breathing symptoms leads to its timely treatment. We designed a study that aims to empower families whose children are in early childhood programs with the knowledge and skills needed to obtain healthy sleep and to recognize a sleep problem. We used the social-ecological framework to guide individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy interventions. This study builds on the Sweet Dreamzzz, Inc, Early Childhood Sleep Education Program (ECSEP) in Head Start. A stepped-wedge-cluster randomized trial will test effects on child, parent, and classroom outcomes; a policy evaluation will assess the impact of knowledge-translation strategies. The study has 3 aims. The first is to adapt educational materials into multimedia formats and build the capacity of Head Start agencies to implement the study. The second aim is to enroll 540 parent-child dyads in a primary prevention trial of sleep health promotion in Head Start and to analyze effects on children's sleep duration (primary outcome); parents' knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior; and children's sleep difficulties. The third aim is to conduct a secondary prevention feasibility study of screening and guidance for sleep problems. Secondary outcomes are changes in classroom behaviors and policies. Integrating sleep health literacy into early childhood programs could affect the life-course development of millions of children.

Voice control user interface during low-power mode

Abstract: A method include placing a first processor in a sleep operating mode and running a second processor that is operative to wake the first processor from the sleep operating mode in response to a speech command phrase. The method includes identifying, by the second processor, a speech command phrase segment and performing a control operation in response to detecting the segment in detected speech. The control operation is performed while the first processor is maintained in the sleep operating mode.

The state of Veterans Affairs sleep medicine programs: 2012 inventory results.

Abstract: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) represents one of the largest integrated health-care systems in the country. In 2012, the Veterans Affairs Sleep Network (VASN) sought to identify available sleep resources at VA medical centers (VAMCs) across the country through a national sleep inventory. The sleep inventory was administered at the annual 2012 VA Sleep Practitioners meeting and by email to sleep contacts at each VAMC. National prosthetics contacts were used to identify personnel at VAMCs without established sleep programs. Follow-up emails and telephone calls were made through March 2013. One hundred eleven VA medical centers were included for analysis. Thirty-nine programs did not respond, and 10 were considered “satellites,” referring all sleep services to a larger neighboring VAMC. Sleep programs were stratified based on extent of services offered (i.e., in-lab and home testing, sleep specialty clinics, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i)): 28 % were complex sleep programs (CSPs), 46 % were intermediate (ISPs), 9 % were standard (SSPs), and 17 % offered no formal sleep services. Overall, 138,175 clinic visits and 90,904 sleep testing encounters were provided in fiscal year 2011 by 112.1 physicians and clinical psychologists, 100.4 sleep technologists, and 115.3 respiratory therapists. More than half of all programs had home testing and CBT-i programs, and 26 % utilized sleep telehealth. The 2012 VA sleep inventory suggests considerable variability in sleep services within the VA. Demand for sleep services is high, with programs using home testing, sleep telehealth, and a growing number of mid-level providers to improve access to care.

Automation for improved sleep quality

Abstract: Historical sleep metrics are accessed. Historical sensor data is accessed. Incidences of low quality sleep experienced by the user are identified. Particular environmental conditions that affected the user during the incidences of low quality sleep are identified. A corrective plan that specifies a change to an environmental control system to reduce the particular environmental conditions is created. The behavior of the environmental control system is modified such that the environmental control system reduces the particular environmental conditions when the user sleeps in the bed.

Experimental sleep phases monitoring

Abstract: Nowadays there is a rich diversity of sleep monitoring systems available on the market. They promise to offer information about sleep quality of the user by recording a limited number of vital signals, mainly heart rate and body movement. Typically, fitness trackers, smart watches, smart shirts, smartphone applications or patches do not provide access to the raw sensor data. Moreover, the sleep classification algorithm and the agreement ratio with the gold standard, polysomnography (PSG) are not disclosed. Some commercial systems record and store the data on the wearable device, but the user needs to transfer and import it into specialised software applications or return it to the doctor, for clinical evaluation of the data set. Thus an immediate feedback mechanism or the possibility of remote control and supervision are lacking. Furthermore, many such systems only distinguish between sleep and wake states, or between wake, light sleep and deep sleep. It is not always clear how these stages are mapped to the four known sleep stages: REM, NREM1, NREM2, NREM3–4. [1] The goal of this research is to find a reduced complexity method to process a minimum number of bio vital signals, while providing accurate sleep classification results. The model we propose offers remote control and real time supervision capabilities, by using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This paper focuses on the data processing method and the sleep classification logic. The body sensor network representing our data acquisition system will be described in a separate publication. Our solution showed promising results and a good potential to overcome the limitations of existing products. Further improvements will be made and subjects with different age and health conditions will be tested.

Sleep mode control method and system for air conditioner

Abstract: The invention further provides a sleep mode control method for an air conditioner. The sleep mode control method comprises the following steps: extracting human body feature information from an acquired monitoring image; judging whether a human body is in a sleep state according to the human body feature information; and when the human body is judged to be in the sleep state, controlling the air conditioner to be switched from the current operating mode into a sleep mode, and controlling the air conditioner to operate at preset target sleep temperature. Furthermore, the invention further provides a sleep mode control system for the air conditioner. According to the sleep mode control method and the sleep mode control system for the air conditioner, the accuracy for controlling the sleep mode of the air conditioner is improved, the misjudgment rate is reduced, and the aim of saving the power can be fulfilled; and meanwhile, a user does not need to manually switch on or switch off the sleep mode, so that the air conditioner is convenient to use.

Intelligent sleep supervision system and intelligent healthy sleep supervision and control system based on Internet of Things

Abstract: The invention provides an intelligent sleep supervision system and an intelligent healthy sleep supervision and control system based on Internet of Things, and relates to the technical field of software development of a healthy sleep control system, aiming at solving the problems that an existing bed system is not fused into the Internet of Things and the sleep of a user cannot be supervised and controlled. A data acquisition module is used for carrying out time acquisition, weight acquisition and temperature acquisition so as to obtain sleep data of the user, including resting time, sleeping duration, weight change, body temperature change and frequency of getting up in the night to urinate; a wireless transmission module is used for uploading the sleep data to a system server and a medical institution database; a data early warning and management module is used for giving corresponding resting time according to expected sleeping duration set by the user, and comparing user sleeping duration data with an average value of data accumulated in a user individual digital health document for a long period; when the user sleeping duration data is lower than the average value, a prompt is sent; and if the sleeping duration is in a poor state for a long period, a bed system sends out early warning. The user can automatically acquire related data and an analysis report through an APP.

Light control method and terminal equipment

Abstract: The invention discloses a light control method and terminal equipment. The light control method comprises the following steps: obtaining sleep data of a user; analyzing the sleep data and judging a change of a sleep state in which the user is located; and on the basis of the change of the sleep state, controlling the light of lighting equipment through transmitting a control signal to the lighting equipment. On one hand, the light of the lighting equipment is independently adjusted according to the sleep state of the user and the energy conservation level of the lighting equipment is improved; and on the other hand, the adaptability of the user on the light intensity is improved, the user can fall asleep peacefully, the sleep quality of the user is improved and the just awake user does not feel the dazzling light.

Systems and techniques for tracking sleep consistency and sleep goals

Abstract: Methods, techniques, apparatuses, and systems for setting up and tracking sleep consistency goals of users are provided. In one example, a computing system for setting a sleep schedule of a user of a biometric monitoring device may obtain sleep data derived from sensor data generated by the biometric monitoring device, store the sleep data in a sleep log data store as one or more sleep logs associated with an account assigned to the user, and calculate a target bedtime based on a scheduled waketime of the user and a sleep efficiency derived, at least in part, from the sleep data for one or more users stored in the sleep log data store. The computing system may also be configured to provide a number of personalized user interfaces to an individual for the purposes of setting a sleep schedule. Such interfaces may include parameters that are tailored to the individual sleep needs and/or characteristics of the individual's sleep.

Sleep method and apparatus for intelligent terminal

Abstract: The invention is suitable for the field of intelligent terminals and provides a sleep method and apparatus for an intelligent terminal. The method comprises the steps of judging whether screen turn-on time of the intelligent terminal reaches screen automatic sleep duration or not; when the screen turn-on time of the intelligent terminal reaches the screen automatic sleep duration, judging whether the intelligent terminal is in a non operation state or not; and when the intelligent terminal is in the non operation state, automatically turning off a screen to enter a sleep mode. The step of judging whether the intelligent terminal is in the non operation state or not specially comprises the sub-steps of judging whether the intelligent terminal is in an unlocking state or not; when the intelligent terminal is in the unlocking state, detecting whether a bezel of the intelligent terminal bears a pressure or not; when the bezel of the intelligent terminal does not bear the pressure, judging that the intelligent terminal is in the non operation state; and when the bezel of the intelligent terminal bears the pressure, judging that the intelligent terminal is in an operation state, and keeping a screen turn-on state. According to embodiments of the invention, the availability of the intelligent terminal is improved.

Sleep quality judging method and sleep instrument

Abstract: The invention discloses a sleep quality judging method and a sleep instrument. The method comprises the following steps: according to the sleep stage of a tested subject, determining a sleep structure score of the tested subject; according to the sleep state of the tested subject, determining a sleep state score of the tested subject; according to the sleep habit of the tested subject, determining a sleep habit score of the tested subject; according to the sleep environment of the tested subject, determining a sleep environment score of the tested subject; according to one or more of the sleep structure score, the sleep state score, the sleep habit score and the sleep environment score, calculating a sleep quality score of the tested subject; and according to the sleep quality score, determining the sleep quality of the tested subject.

Effect of a sleep education program on sleep knowledge and habits in elementary and high school teachers

Abstract: The influence of a sleep education program (SEP) on the knowledge, habits, quality of sleep, and daytime sleepiness was evaluated in 40 Brazilian elementary and high school teachers [Groups: Experimental (EG=26)/Control (CG=14)]. The Health and Sleep questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and sleep logs were applied to both groups, at baseline and in reassessment three weeks after a SEP with the EG. The methodology of the SEP was based on the Meaningful Learning theory proposed by Ausubel, consisting of four fortnightly meetings, lasting 4h each. After the program, the EG showed an increase in sleep knowledge and a reduction in coffee consumption near bedtime. Besides, 17% of teachers improved sleep quality in this group. However, no changes occurred in sleep schedules and sleepiness. Nevertheless, the positive results reinforce the need for sleep education programs with teachers to spread sleep knowledge in schools and improve the sleep quality in these professionals.