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Sleep (system call)

About: Sleep (system call) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2633 publications have been published within this topic receiving 27806 citations. The topic is also known as: Sleep() & sleep().


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: SLEEP Model, a Web-based simulation model, was used to predict increase in odds ratio for injuries for farmers and other professionals who tend to work with a buildup of sleep debt because of the nature of their work.
Abstract: Sleep management is critical to both good health and safety. Most people do not know how much sleep is needed and place themselves and sometime others at risk for medical problems and increased risk for injuries or fatal accidents. Sleep need is discussed and the amount of sleep required as a function of age is provided. Agriculture is a high-risk industry with many injury-related or fatal accidents. SLEEP Model, a Web-based simulation model, was used to predict increase in odds ratio for injuries for farmers and other professionals who tend to work with a buildup of sleep debt because of the nature of their work. Results are given for working the day after a night of no sleep with and without use of caffeine and for a gradual buildup of sleep debt for daily sleep amounts of 0, 2, 4, 5, and 5.5 hours of sleep for a 58-year-old person with predicted sleep need of 6.2 hours per day. Results were also compared to some measurements reported in the literature. Odds ratio of about 10 times normal for average of caffeine and non-caffeine use are associated with working a day after no sleep and no previous sleep debt or with a gradual buildup of sleep debt typical of farmers involved in planting and harvesting seasons. Generally, caffeine use can reduce risks by about 70 times but may have little benefit for a night of no sleep after a buildup of severe sleep debt.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Feb 2022-Sleep
TL;DR: Lucid dreams are associated with higher-than-average levels of physiological activation during REM sleep, including measures of both subcortical and cortical activation.
Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES 1) To replicate the finding that lucid dreams are associated with physiological activation, including heightened REM density, during REM sleep. 2) To critically test whether a previously reported increase in frontolateral 40 Hz power in lucid REM sleep, used to justify the claim that lucid dreaming is a "hybrid state" mixing sleep and wakefulness, is attributable to the saccadic spike potential (SP) artifact as a corollary of heightened REM density. 3) To conduct an exploratory analysis of changes in EEG features during lucid REM sleep. METHODS We analyzed 14 signal-verified lucid dreams (SVLDs) and baseline REM sleep segments from the same REM periods from six participants derived from the Stanford SVLD database. Participants marked lucidity onset with standard left-right-left-right-center (LR2c) eye-movement signals in polysomnography recordings. RESULTS Compared to baseline REM sleep, lucid REM sleep had higher REM density (p=0.002). Bayesian analysis supported the null hypothesis of no differences in frontolateral 40 Hz power after removal of the SP artifact (BH=0.18) and ICA correction (BH=0.01). Compared to the entire REM sleep period, lucid REM sleep showed small reductions in low-frequency and beta band spectral power as well as increased signal complexity (all p<0.05), which were within the normal variance of baseline REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS Lucid dreams are associated with higher-than-average levels of physiological activation during REM sleep, including measures of both subcortical and cortical activation. Increases in 40 Hz power in periorbital channels reflect saccadic and microsaccadic SPs as a result of higher REM density accompanying heightened activation.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
11 Apr 2022-Sleep
TL;DR: Lucid dreams are associated with higher-than-average levels of physiological activation during REM sleep, including measures of both subcortical and cortical activation.
Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES (1) To critically test whether a previously reported increase in frontolateral 40 Hz power in lucid REM sleep, used to justify the claim that lucid dreaming is a "hybrid state" mixing sleep and wakefulness, is attributable to the saccadic spike potential (SP) artifact as a corollary of heightened REM density. (2) To replicate the finding that lucid dreams are associated with physiological activation, including heightened eye movement density, during REM sleep. (3) To conduct an exploratory analysis of changes in EEG features during lucid REM sleep. METHODS We analyzed 14 signal-verified lucid dreams (SVLDs) and baseline REM sleep segments from the same REM periods from six participants derived from the Stanford SVLD database. Participants marked lucidity onset with standard left-right-left-right-center (LR2c) eye-movement signals in polysomnography recordings. RESULTS Compared to baseline REM sleep, lucid REM sleep had higher REM density (β = 0.85, p = 0.002). Bayesian analysis supported the null hypothesis of no differences in frontolateral 40 Hz power after removal of the SP artifact (BH = 0.18) and ICA correction (BH = 0.01). Compared to the entire REM sleep period, lucid REM sleep showed small reductions in low-frequency and beta band spectral power as well as increased signal complexity (all p < 0.05), which were within the normal variance of baseline REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS Lucid dreams are associated with higher-than-average levels of physiological activation during REM sleep, including measures of both subcortical and cortical activation. Increases in 40 Hz power in periorbital channels reflect saccadic and microsaccadic SPs as a result of higher REM density accompanying heightened activation.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Advanced evidence suggests that the orexin system is crucial for regulating many physiological functions and could represent a promising target for therapeutical approaches to obesity, drug addiction, and emotional stress.
Abstract: Orexins, or hypocretins, are excitatory neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and the sleep and wakefulness states. Since their discovery, several lines of evidence have highlighted that orexin neurons regulate a great range of physiological functions, giving it the definition of a multitasking system. In the present review, we firstly describe the mechanisms underlining the orexin system and their interactions with the central nervous system (CNS). Then, the system’s involvement in goal-directed behaviors, sleep/wakefulness state regulation, feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, reward system, and aging and neurodegenerative diseases are described. Advanced evidence suggests that the orexin system is crucial for regulating many physiological functions and could represent a promising target for therapeutical approaches to obesity, drug addiction, and emotional stress.

12 citations

Patent
31 Dec 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and apparatus for detecting drowsiness and awakening the user is presented, where the load on a piezo-ceramic eye blinking detection unit changes upon blinking activity resulting in an electrical output.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting drowsiness and awakening the user. The load on a piezo-ceramic eye blinking detection unit changes upon blinking activity resulting in an electrical output. This electrical output is then processed and compared to a predetermined time interval for blinking. An alarm is sounded if the processed electrical output is less than the predetermined time interval.

12 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202422
20233,172
20225,977
2021175
2020191
2019236