Sleep (system call)

About: Sleep (system call) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2633 publications have been published within this topic receiving 27806 citations. The topic is also known as: Sleep() & sleep().

Performance Evaluation of a Smart Bed Technology against Polysomnography

Abstract: The Sleep Number smart bed uses embedded ballistocardiography, together with network connectivity, signal processing, and machine learning, to detect heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), and sleep vs. wake states. This study evaluated the performance of the smart bed relative to polysomnography (PSG) in estimating epoch-by-epoch HR, BR, sleep vs. wake, mean overnight HR and BR, and summary sleep variables. Forty-five participants (aged 22–64 years; 55% women) slept one night on the smart bed with standard PSG. Smart bed data were compared to PSG by Bland–Altman analysis and Pearson correlation for epoch-by-epoch HR and epoch-by-epoch BR. Agreement in sleep vs. wake classification was quantified using Cohen’s kappa, ROC analysis, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision. Epoch-by-epoch HR and BR were highly correlated with PSG (HR: r = 0.81, |bias| = 0.23 beats/min; BR: r = 0.71, |bias| = 0.08 breaths/min), as were estimations of mean overnight HR and BR (HR: r = 0.94, |bias| = 0.15 beats/min; BR: r = 0.96, |bias| = 0.09 breaths/min). Calculated agreement for sleep vs. wake detection included kappa (prevalence and bias-adjusted) = 0.74 ± 0.11, AUC = 0.86, sensitivity = 0.94 ± 0.05, specificity = 0.48 ± 0.18, accuracy = 0.86 ± 0.11, and precision = 0.90 ± 0.06. For all-night summary variables, agreement was moderate to strong. Overall, the findings suggest that the Sleep Number smart bed may provide reliable metrics to unobtrusively characterize human sleep under real life-conditions.

What Could Interfere with a Good Night’s Sleep? The Risks of Social Isolation, Poor Physical and Psychological Health among Older Adults in China

Abstract: This study provides one of the first population-based investigations of the longitudinal association between social isolation and sleep difficulty among older adults in China. We analyzed three waves of longitudinal data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (2014–2018), in which 8456 respondents contributed 16,156 person-year observations. Results from multilevel logistic regression models showed that social isolation was related to a higher risk of sleep difficulty. We also found that socially isolated older adults were more likely to report higher levels of depressive symptoms, a greater prevalence of loneliness and pain, and more chronic diseases compared to their socially integrated counterparts, which in turn increased their risks of sleep difficulty. Moreover, socially isolated older adults with chronic diseases were particularly vulnerable to the risk of sleep difficulty. These findings provide helpful guidance for policymakers and practitioners to design effective intervention strategies to help older adults with sleep problems.

Sleep and disparities in child and adolescent development

Abstract: Abstract Sleep is a robust predictor of child and adolescent development. Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and related experiences (e.g., discrimination) are associated with sleep, but researchers have just begun to understand the role of sleep in the development of racial/ethnic and SES disparities in broader psychosocial adjustment and cognitive functioning during childhood and adolescence. In this article, we discuss poor sleep as a potential mechanism contributing to the development of such disparities, and better sleep as a potential protective factor that diminishes such disparities. We conclude by offering recommendations for research to advance understanding of sleep as a key bioregulatory system that may underlie or protect against detrimental developmental outcomes related to socioeconomic adversity and belonging to a historically minoritized group.

Investigation and management of residual sleepiness in CPAP-treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: the European view

Abstract: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a major symptom of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), defined as the inability to stay awake during the day. Its clinical descriptors remain elusive, and the pathogenesis is complex, with disorders such as insufficient sleep and depression commonly associated. Subjective EDS can be evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, in which the patient reports the probability of dozing in certain situations; however, its reliability has been challenged. Objective tests such as the multiple sleep latency test or the maintenance of wakefulness test are not commonly used in patients with OSA, since they require nocturnal polysomnography, daytime testing and are expensive. Drugs for EDS are available in the United States but were discontinued in Europe some time ago. For European respiratory physicians, treatment of EDS with medication is new and they may lack experience in pharmacological treatment of EDS, while novel wake-promoting drugs have been recently developed and approved for clinical use in OSA patients in the USA and Europe. This review will discuss 1) the potential prognostic significance of EDS in OSA patients at diagnosis, 2) the prevalence and predictors of residual EDS in treated OSA patients, and 3) the evolution of therapy for EDS specifically for Europe. Drugs for EDS are available in the USA but were discontinued in Europe some time ago. For European sleep doctors, treatment of EDS with medication is new, while novel wake-promoting drugs have been developed and approved for clinical use in OSA patients. https://bit.ly/3u9y3Ln