Showing papers on "Slow-wave sleep published in 1972"
TL;DR: An analysis of electroencephalographic patterns in thirty-five consecutive patients admitted for the treatment of depression revealed that a single sleep characteristic—the interval between onset of sleep and the start of rapid-eye-movement (R.E.M.M.) sleep—is an objective indicator of depressive disease and correlates inversely with its severity.
321 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The sleep-wake cycle: its physiology and impact on health the evolutionary theory of sleep and wakefulness sleep andwakefulness browserfame how the circadian rhythm affects sleep, inside this issue maintenance of wakefulness test as a predictor of sleep sleep in the unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and neurochemistry of sleepand wakefulness assets maintenance for wakefulness testing (mwt).
Abstract: sleep-wake cycle: its physiology and impact on health the evolutionary theory of sleep and wakefulness sleep and wakefulness browserfame how the circadian rhythm affects sleep, inside this issue maintenance of wakefulness test as a predictor of sleep sleep in the unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and neurochemistry of sleep and wakefulness assets maintenance for wakefulness testing (mwt) sleep and wakefulness disturbances in parkinson’s disease sleep wakefulness ncpdev practice parameters for clinical use of the multiple sleep the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness neuropharmacology of sleep and wakefulness the clinics sniffing in infant rats during sleep and wakefulness the regulation of sleep and wakefulness by the sleep and wakefulness wenyen the international journal of sleepand wakefulness sleep and wakefulness pwcgba swallowing in sleep and wakefulness in adult cats central mechanisms of the sleep–wakefulness cycle control sleep and wakefulness vivoce sleep/wakefulness management in continuous/sustained wakefulness (not sleep) promotes generalization of word neuroendocrine correlates of sleep/wakefulness wakefulness and sleep explorable sleep and wakefulness during holy month of ramadan shining light on wakefulness and arousal the de lecea lab neuropharmacology of sleep and wakefulness sleep wakefulness 1st edition niraj to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding brain control of wakefulness and sleep brain control of neural correlates of wakefulness, sleep, and general the clinical use of the mslt and mwt sleep and wakefulness kugauk sleep and wakefulness guyver sleep and wakefulness justinshingles sleep and wakefulness correction in different seasons from sleep and wakefulness neppco lsd and tryptamine effects on sleep/wakefulness and circadian and wakefulness-sleep modulation of cognition in neural circuitry of wakefulness and sleep cell hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms sleep and wakefulness faheds functional anatomy of the sleep wakefulness cycle wakefulness sleep and wakefulness agmr arousal and regulatory systems: workshop proceedings june modeling sleep and wakefulness in the thalamocortical system wordsworthian wakefulness project muse sleep and wakefulness healthline
214 citations
TL;DR: Data indicate that coincident with each occurrence of a shift from a period of slow wave sleep to aperiod of rapid-eye movement sleep a reversal of the deviations of the individual ratios from the overall mean ratio took place, indicating a change in interhemispheric amplitude relationships.
162 citations
143 citations
TL;DR: The results are consistent with conclusions of previous investigators that the depressant effects on EEG sleep patterns of a moderate dose of alcohol are due to its direct action on the brain.
Abstract: In two separate experiments, sleep patterns of 17 young male adults were examined following single and repeated doses (0.9 g/kg body weight) of alcohol. A third study of 10 additional Ss measured the rate of elimination of alcohol from blood during sleep and waking. With a single dose of alcohol, onset of sleep was brisk, the latency of SW sleep (stages 3+4) was reduced and the first episode of stage REM was shortened. These transient alterations were accompanied by loss of high-frequency beta rhythms in the EEG and a gain in abundance and synchrony of activity in the alpha-rhythm range.
115 citations
TL;DR: Fast wave sleep is associated with changes in the regulation of postural, respiratory and thermoregulatory muscle activities in unrestrained cats sleeping at different environmental temperatures.
107 citations
TL;DR: The evolution of cortical activity was studied from 0.6 of term in utero in eleven foetal lambs, and through most of parturition and the early post-partum period in two newborn lambs.
87 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that allowing rats to self-stimulate while they were being deprived of this sleep form reduced the amount of REM rebound during recovery from deprivation, demonstrating a reciprocal relation between rewarding brain stimulation and REM sleep.
Abstract: Depriving rats of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was shown to lower their thresholds and raise their response rates for rewarding brain stimulation. Conversely, allowing rats to self-stimulate while they were being deprived of this sleep form reduced the amount of REM rebound during recovery from deprivation. These results demonstrate a reciprocal relation between rewarding brain stimulation and REM sleep.
74 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the changes in sleep patterns produced by L-tryptophan, presumably acting through 5-hydroxyindole pathways, are dependent on dose, consistent with the idea that serotonin, or one of its metabolites, is involved in the mechanisms controlling both SW and REM sleep.
Abstract: Oral administration of L-tryptophan increases brain serotonin levels by following normal 5-hydroxyindole pathways (Moir & Eccleston, 1968). Since recent studies (Jouvet, 1969) suggest that serotonin is important in controlling sleep mechanisms, L-tryptophan provides a useful method for investigating further the role of serotonin in sleep. In two experiments, EEG sleep patterns from 21 young adult males were examined following moderate (7.5 g) and high (12 g) oral doses of L-tryptophan. Moderate doses produced sedative effects (reports of extreme drowsiness and reduced time awake) accompanied by increased slow-wave sleep. The only effects on REM parameters were a trend (in some Ss) to early onset of stage REM, a small decrease in the period of the REM cycle, and decreased density of rapid eye movements. With the high dose, Ss again reported extreme drowsiness, and time to sleep onset was decreased. However, changes in SW sleep and waking time appeared only as non-significant trends. In the high-dose group, percent of REM sleep was markedly increased, due to early onset of stage REM and to increased duration of REM episodes during the second half of the night. EEG sleep patterns on recovery nights following large doses of tryptophan were not systematically different from baseline nights. These results indicate that the changes in sleep patterns produced by L-tryptophan, presumably acting through 5-hydroxyindole pathways, are dependent on dose. The findings are consistent with the idea that serotonin, or one of its metabolites, is involved in the mechanisms controlling both SW and REM sleep.
61 citations
TL;DR: The amplitude of the rat's EEG slow-wave activity does not diminish with age, and age-related sleep disturbance does not appear until late in life, but total sleep-time is probably stable until advanced old-age in both species.
56 citations
TL;DR: The EEG, EOG, neck EMG and head movements were recorded and behavioral observations made during undisturbed sleep and wakefulness in three domestic pigeons and REMs persisted when the pigeon's head was immobilized.
TL;DR: The absence of EMG hypotonia of the neck and of phasic eye muscle activity, typical of other birds during desynchronized sleep, lends support to the hypothesis that the evolution of REM sleep might be linked with that of binocularly coordinated eye movement, since the eyes of the owl are immobile.
TL;DR: Regulation of PGORes during stage 5 suggests the existence of an additional influence, which is maximal at the end of each REM sleep episode and declines progressively to become minimal in the minutes immediately preceding the next period of REM sleep.
TL;DR: It is noteworthy that the late reflex is consistently absent in coma, suppressed but still frequently evoked by shocks of high intensity in stages II to IV of sleep and freed from the suppression in stage REM, which perhaps may imply different “vigilance levels” between coma and sleep and among stages of sleep.
TL;DR: It is proposed that light stimulation inhibits REMS in the rat whereas darkness is the preferred and, whenever possible, the utilized condition for elaboration of REMS.
TL;DR: The effect of an injection of 200 mg/kg para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on sleep was studied in 6 cats, with little effect upon the light slow wave sleep (LSWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
Abstract: The effect of an injection of 200 mg/kg para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on sleep was studied in 6 cats 48—72 h after the injection. Each cat was also given a control injection of the vehicle (BRIJ 35) 3 weeks before or after the experimental dose, in a balanced order. The main effect of PCPA was a reduction of the deep slow wave sleep (DSWS), with little effect upon the light slow wave sleep (LSWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Both the number and the length of the DSWS episodes were reduced. For LSWS, only the length of the episodes was reduced. The number and the length of the REM sleep episodes were not changed. When the DSWS was reduced to 10 % or less of control values, there was a tendency to a decrease of LSWS and REM sleep also.
TL;DR: The number of body movements during the 10-min period of Stage 2 just preceding and following SWS and REM sleep were counted and suggest that body movement in Stage 2 may delay the transition from this stage to SWS.
Abstract: The number of body movements during the 10-min period of Stage 2 just preceding and following SWS and REM sleep were counted in 10 males for 9 to 11 nights each. There was a significantly greater number of 10-min periods of Stage 2 without movement before SWS than after SWS, before REM sleep, and after REM sleep. The last movements in Stage 2 preceding SWS occurred, in most instances, at least 5 min or more before this transition. These data suggest that body movement in Stage 2 may delay the transition from this stage to SWS.
TL;DR: It was found that the Ss learned an average of 90% of the material presented under the waking condition, but only anAverage of 30% under the Stage I REM sleep.
Abstract: Eleven highly hypnotically susceptible Ss participated in a sleep-learning experiment which involved sleeping in the laboratory on two successive nights. The first night served as an adaptation period, and the second, an experimental period. Ten simple Russian-English word pairs were learned in the waking state upon awakening from the adaption night. Prior to going to sleep on the experimental night, the Ss were hypnotized, and given suggestions to perceive and remember the words to be presented. A second list of ten Russian-English word pairs were presented during emergent Stage I REM sleep monitored electroencephalographically and electromyographically. It was found that the Ss learned an average of 90% of the material presented under the waking condition, but only an average of 30% under the Stage I REM sleep. It was concluded that learning during sleep as here defined was possible but not practical.
TL;DR: HGH release was associated with sleep onset but not with the transition from waking to sleep, and Delta activity consistently preceded the first elevation of plasma HGH.
TL;DR: It is shown that appropriate modification of a previously described model of the vestibulo-ocular system of the cat can simulate the major findings on this basis, and it is proposed that these effects could be accounted for first by desynchronization of saccadic hurst activity in oculomotor neurons and then by preferential suppression of the resulting degraded, or smoothed “saccadic” signal relative to the primary compensatory one.
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: The nervous system is a super-organization comprising many sub-systems and the fact that rather limited, specific brain stem lesions are able to suppress either sleep or waking is a good reason to believe that certain systems are specialized to control the sleep-waking rhythm.
Abstract: The nervous system is a super-organization comprising many sub-systems. This truism should be kept in mind when studying sleep mechanisms. The fact that rather limited, specific brain stem lesions are able to suppress either sleep or waking is a good reason to believe that certain systems are specialized to control the sleep-waking rhythm. This is a more promising approach to the problem of sleep-waking mechanisms than that which presupposes that every neuron possess a “built in” waking-sleep rhythm similar to the mysterious periodical firing shown by isolated neurons of Aplysia (Strumwasser, 1965).
TL;DR: Analysis of the data suggests that growth hormone secretion during deep sleep can be influenced by FFA which affectgrowth hormone secretion in the wake state.
Abstract: Growth hormone release was measured in four normal young men during normal sleep and during sleep in which free fatty acids (FFA) were elevated by the administration of oral Lipomul® and iv heparin. No correlation was found during normal sleep between plasma glucose and free fatty acid levels and the release of growth hormone coincident with control deep sleep periods. Elevation of FFA levels resulted in a suppression of growth hormone release with deep sleep with a mean peak level of 2.3 ± 0.7 ng/ml as compared to a mean peak of 29.4 ± 1.6 ng/ml obtained during normal sleep nights. Analysis of the data suggests that growth hormone secretion during deep sleep can be influenced by FFA which affect growth hormone secretion in the wake state.
TL;DR: No definite evidence of circadian effects due to alteration in time zone were demonstrated, but early morning waking was a feature of the first five nights in the new time zone, particularly in the older subjects.
Abstract: Alterations occurred in the overnight sleep patterns of four healthy male subjects before and after trans-Atlantic flights in both directions. On the first night after a London/San Francisco flight, stage 4 sleep was enhanced, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was depressed, although the distribution of both types of sleep during the night was not altered. Early morning waking was a feature of the first five nights in the new time zone, particularly in the older subjects. Similar changes occurred after the return flight. There was no evidence of enhancement of REM sleep and the alteration in the distribution of REM sleep which has been noted in laboratory studies of sleep reversal. However, the changes found were in accord with travellers' complaints. No definite evidence of circadian effects due to alteration in time zone were demonstrated.
TL;DR: The results lend support to the theory that REM sleep serves a vigilance function and call into question purely physiological criteria of arousal from sleep.
Abstract: Signaled arousals (SA) and unsignaled arousals (UA) from sleep were studied in nine Ss over 5 nights. The SA rate was highest in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and lowest in Sleep Stage 4; SAs typically terminated REM periods. This pattern was not observed for unsignaled arousals. These results lend support to the theory (Snyder, 1966) that REM sleep serves a vigilance function. The results also call into question purely physiological criteria of arousal from sleep.
TL;DR: It is concluded that neurons of the parietal association cortex undergo discharge transformation according to states of sleep similar to those of pyramidal tract neuron of the precentral cortex in their impulse frequencies, but not in their temporal patterns of impulse discharges.
TL;DR: Mechanisms responsible for the disappearance of epileptic movements during fast wave sleep, in spite of the presence of physiological muscular twitches, were discussed, as well as correlations between these results and human epilepsy.
TL;DR: Daytime EEG, EMG and EOG patterns in twelve juvenile rhesus monkeys were studied in relation to concomitant behavioral aspects, respiratory rate and to body motility to find motility accompanied wakefulness but was reduced during drowsiness and was infrequent during sleep and REM.
TL;DR: Results of the present study showed that the ultradian delta rhythmicity of sleep as defined by EEG could be obtained from electro-oculograms (EOGs) alone.
Abstract: The use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) is accepted as the only objective method of studying sleep. However, EEG sleep study may not be feasible, although it would be highly desirable, in some non-laboratory operational environments due to difficulties in EEG recordings. Results of the present study showed that the ultradian delta rhythmicity of sleep as defined by EEG could be obtained from electro-oculograms (EOGs) alone.
TL;DR: A 59-year-old depressed woman was studied in the sleep laboratory for 43 nights: 17 before leucotomy and the rest at various intervals up to six months after it, suggesting the functioning of a forebrain inhibitory system in man similar to the one described by Sterman and Clemente for cats.
Abstract: A 59-year-old depressed woman was studied in the sleep laboratory for 43 nights: 17 before leucotomy and the rest at various intervals up to six months after it. Preleucotomy sleep was characterized by scarce delta and REM sleep. Leucotomy did not immediately affect the patient's sleep stage distribution, but caused a temporary increase in wakefulness lasting two to three weeks. This result suggests the functioning of a forebrain inhibitory system in man similar to the one described by Sterman and Clemente for cats. A gradual trend toward more delta sleep began about ten days after leucotomy, and continued for about five months until age-appropriate levels of delta sleep were observed. Since the psychological benefits of leucotomy appeared immediately after the operation while the recovery of delta sleep was long delayed, it seems that the two variables are not directly related. Rather, it appears that the suppression of delta sleep in depressive illness is brought about by some third slow-to-change variable, possibly related to a gradual change in some neuroendocrine balance.
TL;DR: The previous postulate that the reduced EEG evoked responses in the cochlear nucleus resulted from an increase in filtering of auditory inputs probably at the end organ rather than from occlusion was confirmed.