Topic
Sludge
About: Sludge is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20591 publications have been published within this topic receiving 483343 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors extensively review the principles of anaerobic digestion, the process parameters and their interaction, the design methods, the biogas utilisation, the possible problems and potential pro-active cures, and the recent developments to reduce the impact of the problems.
2,616 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
1,242 citations
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TL;DR: An inventory of heavy metal inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales in 2000 is presented, accounting for major sources including atmospheric deposition, sewage sludge, livestock manures, inorganic fertilisers and lime, agrochemicals, irrigation water, industrial by-product 'wastes' and composts.
1,084 citations
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TL;DR: The results obtained for the solid phase indicated that MBR wastewater treatment yielding higher biodegradation rate could reduce the load of pollutants in the sludge, and sorption to sludge could be a relevant removal pathway only for several compounds.
1,075 citations
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TL;DR: This paper presents a review of the main sludge treatment techniques used as a pretreatment to anaerobic digestion, and it is likely that low impact pretreatment methods such as mechanical and thermal phased improve speed of degradation, while high impact methods improve both speed and extent of degradation.
1,058 citations