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Small for gestational age

About: Small for gestational age is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8448 publications have been published within this topic receiving 284421 citations. The topic is also known as: infant, small for gestational age.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper shows how fetal undernutrition at different stages of gestation can be linked to these patterns of early growth in babies who are small at birth or during infancy.

2,594 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Continuation of the current decline in neonatal mortality and reduction of the mortality differentials between high- and low-risk groups require the identification and more effective implementation of strategies for the prevention of low-weight births.
Abstract: The low-birth-weight infant remains at much higher risk of mortality than the infant with normal weight at birth. In the neonatal period, when most infant deaths occur, the proportion of low-birth-weight infants, especially those with very low weight, is the major determinant of the magnitude of the mortality rates. Furthermore, differences in low-birth-weight rates account for the higher neonatal mortality rates observed in some groups, particularly those characterized by socioeconomic disadvantages. Much of the recent decline in neonatal mortality can be attributed to increased survival among low-birth-weight infants, apparently as a result of hospital-based services. The application of these services is currently considered cost-effective, although whether this will continue to be true in the future is unclear because of the increased survival of very tiny infants. Although low-birth-weight infants remain at increased risk of both postneonatal mortality and morbidity in infancy and early childhood, the risk is substantially smaller than that of neonatal death. In addition, these adverse later outcomes have not offset the gains achieved in the neonatal period. Nonetheless, the increased survival of high-risk infants raises concern about their future requirements for special medical and educational services and about the stress on their families. Despite increased access to antenatal services, only moderate declines in the proportion of low-birth-weight infants has been observed, and almost no change has occurred in the proportion of those with very low weight at birth. In addition, in many areas of the country the birth-weight-specific neonatal mortality rates are similar for groups at high and low risk of neonatal death. In view of these findings, continuation of the current decline in neonatal mortality and reduction of the mortality differentials between high- and low-risk groups require the identification and more effective implementation of strategies for the prevention of low-weight births.

2,081 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings point to a defect in the normal interaction between migratory trophoblast and maternal uterine tissues in pre‐eclampsia and in SGA, a feature not seen beyond the second trimester in normal pregnancy.

1,558 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mortality and morbidity are increased among infants born at term whose birth weights are at or below the 3rd percentile for their gestational age, and these differences persisted after adjustment for the mother's race and parity and the infant's sex.
Abstract: Background At any given gestational age, infants with low birth weight have relatively high morbidity and mortality. It is not known, however, whether there is a threshold weight below which morbidity and mortality are significantly greater, or whether that threshold varies with gestational age. Methods We analyzed the neonatal outcomes of death, five-minute Apgar score, umbilical-artery blood pH, and morbidity due to prematurity for all singleton infants delivered at Parkland Hospital, Dallas, between January 1, 1988, and August 31, 1996. A distribution of birth weights according to week of gestation at birth was created. Infants in the 26th through 75th percentiles for weight served as the reference group. Data on preterm infants (those born at 24 to 36 weeks of gestation) were analyzed separately from data on infants delivered at term (37 or more weeks of gestation). Results A total of 122,754 women and adolescents delivered singleton live infants without malformations between 24 and 43 weeks of gestat...

1,177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that growth velocity during an ELBW infant’s NICU hospitalization exerts a significant, and possibly independent, effect on neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to assess whether (1) in-hospital growth velocity is predictive of neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age among extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and (2) in-hospital growth velocity contributes to these outcomes after controlling for confounding demographic and clinical variables. METHODS. Infants 501 to 1000 g birth weight from a multicenter cohort study were divided into quartiles of in-hospital growth velocity rates. Variables considered for the logistic-regression models included gender, race, gestational age, small for gestational age, mother’s education, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, age at regaining birth weight, necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset infection, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, postnatal steroid therapy for pulmonary disease, and center. RESULTS. Of the 600 discharged infants, 495 (83%) were evaluated at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age. As the rate of weight gain increased between quartile 1 and quartile 4, from 12.0 to 21.2 g/kg per day, the incidence of cerebral palsy, Bayley II Mental Developmental Index (MDI) CONCLUSIONS. These analyses suggest that growth velocity during an ELBW infant’s NICU hospitalization exerts a significant, and possibly independent, effect on neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age.

1,145 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023251
2022527
2021617
2020524
2019536
2018491