Showing papers on "Smart grid published in 2009"

Grid of the future

Abstract: Many believe the electric power system is undergoing a profound change driven by a number of needs. There's the need for environmental compliance and energy conservation. We need better grid reliability while dealing with an aging infrastructure. And we need improved operational effi ciencies and customer service. The changes that are happening are particularly signifi cant for the electricity distribution grid, where "blind" and manual operations, along with the electromechanical components, will need to be transformed into a "smart grid." This transformation will be necessary to meet environmental targets, to accommodate a greater emphasis on demand response (DR), and to support plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as well as distributed generation and storage capabilities. It is safe to say that these needs and changes present the power industry with the biggest challenge it has ever faced. On one hand, the transition to a smart grid has to be evolutionary to keep the lights on; on the other hand, the issues surrounding the smart grid are signifi cant enough to demand major changes in power systems operating philosophy.

Security and Privacy Challenges in the Smart Grid

Abstract: Global electrical grids are verging on the largest technological transformation since the introduction of electricity into the home. The antiquated infrastructure that delivers power to our homes and businesses is being replaced with a collection of digital systems called the smart grid. This grid is the modernization of the existing electrical system that enhances customers' and utilities' ability to monitor, control, and predict energy use.

Multi-agent systems in a distributed smart grid: Design and implementation

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to discuss the design and implementation of a multi-agent system that provides intelligence to a distributed smart grid — a smart grid located at a distribution level. A multi-agent application development will be discussed that involves agent specification, application analysis, application design and application realization. The message exchange in the proposed multi-agent system is designed to be compatible with an IP-based network (IP = Internet Protocol) which is based on the IEEE standard on Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agent (FIPA). The paper demonstrates the use of multi-agent systems to control a distributed smart grid in a simulated environment. The simulation results indicate that the proposed multi-agent system can facilitate the seamless transition from grid connected to an island mode when upstream outages are detected. This denotes the capability of a multi-agent system as a technology for managing the microgrid operation.

Impact of electric vehicles on power distribution networks

Abstract: The market for battery powered and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is currently limited, but this is expected to grow rapidly with the increased concern about the environment and advances in technology. Due to their high energy capacity, mass deployment of electrical vehicles will have significant impact on power networks. This impact will dictate the design of the electric vehicle interface devices and the way future power networks will be designed and controlled. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of electric vehicles on existing power distribution networks. Evaluation of supply/demand matching and potential violations of statutory voltage limits, power quality and imbalance are presented.

The Smart Grid: Enabling Energy Efficiency and Demand Response

Abstract: The power system has often been cited as the greatest and most complex machine ever built, yet it is predominantly a mechanical system. Technologies and intelligent systems are now available that can significantly enhance the overall functionality of power distribution and make it ready to meet the needs of the 21st century. This book explains how sensors, communications technologies, computational ability, control, and feedback mechanisms can be effectively combined to create this new, continually adjusting "smart grid" system. It provides an understanding of both IntelliGridSM architecture and EnergyPortSM as well as how to integrate intelligent systems to achieve the goals of reliability, cost containment, energy efficiency in power production and delivery, and end-use energy efficiency.

Unlocking the €53 Billion Savings from Smart Meters in the EU - How Increasing the Adoption of Dynamic Tariffs Could Make or Break the EU’s Smart Grid Investment

Abstract: We estimate the cost of installing smart meters in the EU to be €51 billion, and that operational savings will be worth between €26 to 41 billion, leaving a gap of €10 to 25 billion between benefits and costs Smart meters can fill this gap because they enable the provision of dynamic pricing, which reduces peak demand The present value of savings in peaking infrastructure could be as high as €67 billion for the EU if policy-makers can overcome barriers to consumers adopting dynamic tariffs, but only €14 billion otherwise We outline a number of ways to increase the adoption of dynamic tariffs

Energy theft in the advanced metering infrastructure

Abstract: Global energy generation and delivery systems are transitioning to a new computerized "smart grid". One of the principle components of the smart grid is an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). AMI replaces the analog meters with computerized systems that report usage over digital communication interfaces, e.g., phone lines. However, with this infrastructure comes new risk. In this paper, we consider adversary means of defrauding the electrical grid by manipulating AMI systems. We document the methods adversaries will use to attempt to manipulate energy usage data, and validate the viability of these attacks by performing penetration testing on commodity devices. Through these activities, we demonstrate that not only is theft still possible in AMI systems, but that current AMI devices introduce a myriad of new vectors for achieving it.

Smart grid design for efficient and flexible power networks operation and control

Abstract: The modernization of the US electric power infrastructure, especially in lieu of its aging, overstressed networks; shifts in social, energy and environmental policies, and also new vulnerabilities, is a national concern. Our system are required to be more adaptive and secure more than every before. Consumers are also demanding increased power quality and reliability of supply and delivery. As such, power industries, government and national laboratories and consortia have developed increased interest in what is now called the Smart Grid of the future. The paper outlines Smart Grid intelligent functions that advance interactions of agents such as telecommunication, control, and optimization to achieve adaptability, self-healing, efficiency and reliability of power systems. The author also presents a special case for the development of Dynamic Stochastic Optimal Power Flow (DSOPF) technology as a tool needed in Smart Grid design. The integration of DSOPF to achieve the design goals with advanced DMS capabilities are discussed herein. This reference paper also outlines research focus for developing next generation of advance tools for efficient and flexible power systems operation and control.

The evolution of distribution

Abstract: In this paper discussed the advanced distribution management system for smart grid With smart grids, confidence and expectations are high To various degrees, utilities are putting smart grid initiatives in place, and many of the technologies paraded under the smart-grid banner are currently implemented in utilities The smart-grid initiative uses these building blocks to work toward a more integrated and long-term infrastructure If all goes as expected, smart grids will provide tremendous operational benefits to power utilities around the world because they provide a platform for enterprise-wide solutions that deliver far-reaching benefits to both utilities and their end customers

Developing a communication infrastructure for the Smart Grid

Abstract: The Smart Grid of the future, while expected to affect all areas of the Electric Power System, from Generation, to Transmission, to Distribution, cannot function without an extensive data communication system. Smart Grid has the potential to support high levels of Distributed Generation (DG); however the current standards governing the interconnection of DG do not allow the implementation of several applications which may be beneficial to the grid. This paper discusses some of the Smart Grid applications, and estimates the communication requirements of a medium data intensive Smart Grid device. Two issues that will become very important with the spread of DG are DG Islanding and DG Availability. For each issue, we propose data communication enabled solutions and enhancements.

Smart grid technologies

Abstract: The need for power semiconductor devices with high-voltage, high- frequency, and high-temperature operation capability is growing, especially for advanced power conversion and military applications, and hence the size and weight of the power electronic system are reduced. Development of 15-kV SiC IGBTs and their impact on utility applications is discussed.

Hybrid wireless-broadband over power lines: A promising broadband solution in rural areas

Abstract: In rural areas, due to the low population density and the poor familiarization with new technologies, new projects related to broadband access are less profitable. In this article a hybrid wireless-broadband over power lines network, suitable for rural and remote areas is presented, offering smart grid applications and broadband access along a 107 km medium voltage power grid in Larissa, a rural area in central Greece. This hybrid solution exploits the ubiquitous presence of the power grid along with the adaptability and accessibility of wireless technology. Through the design and implementation of this hybrid network many aspects of BPL technology were successfully dealt with demonstrating that, in addition to enhancing the power grid performance, W-BPL technology may be considered as an alternative broadband solution in rural and/or sparsely populated areas.

Building a smarter smart grid through better renewable energy information

Abstract: “Smart grid” is a relatively new term that refers to the application of information technology to power systems. Due to the complexity of such systems; the possibilities have yet to be clearly defined. Drawing a clear distinction between one grid configuration being “smart” and another failing the criterion is not realistic. Instead, it is much more practical to consider the “smart grid” as a term defining opportunities to improve the operation of the power system. One of the key features of a smart grid is the ability to utilize information to make better operational decisions. This paper proposes that significant improvements can be made to the operations of a smart grid by providing information about the likely behavior of renewable energy - through both online short-term forecasting and longerterm assessments.

Survey on Smart Grid Technology

Abstract: In this paper the connotation of smart grid is expounded, the present research status of smart grid home and abroad as well as the practical significance of developing smart grid in China are summarized. As a reference for relative researchers, this paper analyzes the conditions to develop smart grid in China, and points out the key technological problems to be solved for the development of smart grid in the fields of power network topology, communication system, metering infrastructure, demand side management, intelligent dispatching, power electronic equipments, distributed generation integration etc..

Method and system for managing a power grid

Abstract: A smart grid for improving the management of a power utility grid is provided. The smart grid as presently disclosed includes using sensors in various portions of the power utility grid, using communications and computing technology, such as additional bus structures, to upgrade an electric power grid so that it can operate more efficiently and reliably and support additional services to consumers. The smart grid may include distributed intelligence in the power utility grid (separate from the control center intelligence) including devices that generate data in different sections of the grid, analyze the generated data, and automatically modify the operation of a section of the power grid.

Privacy and the New Energy Infrastructure

Abstract: This article examines the privacy consequences of the diffusion of smart grid and smart metering technologies. It illustrates how high resolution electricity usage information can be used to reconstruct many intimate details of a consumer's daily life, and provides examples of how that information could be used in ways potentially invasive of an individual's privacy. The article then examines the nature of existing protections for such information, and evaluates their adequacy in protecting against some of these potentially invasive uses. The article concludes that state legislators and public utility commissions should examine the codes of conduct governing utility disclosure of consumer information in their various jurisdictions to address this new privacy threat.

Simulation of a Smart Grid City with Software Agents

Abstract: In the future smart city, new information and communication technologies will enable a better management of the available resources The future smart grid infrastructure is emerging as a complex system where fine-grained monitoring and control of energy generating and/or consuming entities within the electricity network is possible This will result to better approaches that will boost energy efficiency A simulation of a dynamic ecosystem such as the smart city, will enable us to test new concepts and resource-optimization approaches Therefore we have analyzed, designed, and build a simulator based on software agents that attempts to create the dynamic behavior of a smart city It simulates discrete heterogeneous devices that consume and/or produce energy, that are able to act autonomously and collaborate The behavior of these devices and their groupings eg smart houses, has been modeled in order to map as near as possible the real behavior patterns of the respective physical objects

Domestic energy management methodology for optimizing efficiency in Smart Grids

Abstract: Increasing energy prices and the greenhouse effect lead to more awareness of energy efficiency of electricity supply. During the last years, a lot of domestic technologies have been developed to improve this efficiency. These technologies on their own already improve the efficiency, but more can be gained by a combined management. Multiple optimization objectives can be used to improve the efficiency, from peak shaving and Virtual Power Plant (VPP) to adapting to fluctuating generation of wind turbines. In this paper a generic management methology is proposed applicable for most domestic technologies, scenarios and optimization objectives. Both local scale optimization objectives (a single house) and global scale optimization objectives (multiple houses) can be used. Simulations of different scenarios show that both local and global objectives can be reached.

Smart grid price response service for dynamically balancing energy supply and demand

Abstract: A “Smart Grid Pricer” enables automated balancing of the supply and demand of energy supply and consumption, such as the generation and consumption of electricity between electricity providers and electricity consumers. The Smart Grid Pricer automatically computes and delivers real-time energy pricing information to consumers on behalf of energy retailers (e.g., electricity utilities) to help drive the balance of demand with supply. In various embodiments, real-time pricing is determined by using various probabilistic models to estimate overall consumer demand as a function of factors such as energy price, time of day, region, weather, etc. to compute a price that will result in an energy demand that is closely balanced to the available supply. On the consumer side, various components of the Smart Grid Pricer automatically respond to such pricing information to optimize energy consumption in accordance with a variety of automated and/or user defined rules and preferences.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Abstract: Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI) is the totality of systems and networks for measuring, collecting, storing, analyzing, and using energy usage data.This paper provides an overview of the four parts of AMI technology(i.e.smart meter, wide area communication network;meter data management system, MDMS;and home area networks, HAN), the AMI effect, and its benefits for smart-grid development.Through system-wide communication networks AMI will link consumers and power utilities together and provide foundation for future distribution automation and other smart-grid functionalities.The system-wide measurement and visibility enabled by AMI will enhance the utilities' system operation and asset management process.It is recommended that the utilities should take advantage of AMI technology development and implementation to plan and build a common-integrated communication network and IT system in order to realize business transformation and to shape the power system towards a smart-grid.

Development of a smart power meter for AMI based on ZigBee communication

Abstract: Many governments deploy ubiquitous IT project, which aims to combine the latest wireless network and wide-band technologies etc to accomplish a ubiquitous wireless communication network The ubiquitous wireless communication network can be utilized for the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Therefore, this paper tries to use the new wireless communication technologies to design and implement a ZigBee-based smart power meter An outage recording system is also designed and embedded into the smart meter The microcontroller of Microchip dsPIC30F series is used to develop the proposed smart power meter A ZigBee system is then deigned and integrated into the proposed power meter, and used to transmit the detailed power consumption data and outage event data to rear-end processing system The proposed smart power meter cannot only be used for power consumption data collection but also for outage event data recording The proposed system has great potential to be used to build the area-based AMI Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed system Besides, the application of ZigBee communication in power area may, expectedly, lead to make a definite contribution to ubiquitous IT project

The Energy Box: Locally Automated Optimal Control of Residential Electricity Usage

Abstract: The Energy Box is proposed as a 24/7 background processor operating on a local computer or in a remote location, silently managing one's home or small business electrical energy usage hour-by-hour and even minute-by-minute. It operates best in an environment of demand-sensitive real-time pricing, now made feasible via ‘smart grid’ technology. We assume that, in time, virtually every electrical device in a home or small business will be controllable from the Energy Box. There are multiple motivations for an Energy Box: (1) By delaying or pushing forward various uses of electricity (e.g., space conditioning), widespread use of the Energy Box could ‘shave the peaks and fill in the valleys of demand,’ thereby reducing the need for capacity expansion in electrical power generation and distribution; (2) The system should result in reduced electrical energy costs to the consumer; (3) The system supports local generation, storage and sale of electricity back to the grid; (4) The system supports graceful reduction...

Integration of Green and Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems

Abstract: PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 1 SMART GRID DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS. 2 INVERTER CONTROL VOLTAGE AND CURRENT IN DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS. 3 PARALLEL OPERATION OF INVERTERS IN DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS. 4 POWER CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS. 5 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT CONTROL OF A THREE-PHASE FOUR-WIRE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION (DG) INVERTER IN ISLAND MODE. 6 POWER FLOW CONTROL OF A SINGLE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION UNIT. 7 ROBUST STABILITY ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE AND CURRENT CONTROL FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS. 8 PWM RECTIFIER CONTROL FOR THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEM. 9 MATLAB SIMULINK SIMULATION TESTBED. APPENDIX A: SIMULINK MODEL DSIMSERVO.MDL. APPENDIX B: FILE SSMODE.M. BIBLIOGRAPHY. INDEX.

Wind power myths debunked

Abstract: The natural variability of wind power makes it different from other generating technologies, which can give rise to questions about how wind power can be integrated into the grid successfully. This article aims to answer several important questions that can be raised with regard to wind power. Although wind is a variable resource, grid operators have experience with managing variability that comes from handling the variability of load. As a result, in many instances the power system is equipped to handle variability. Wind power is not expensive to integrate, nor does it require dedicated backup generation or storage. Developments in tools such as wind forecasting also aid in integrating wind power. Integrating wind can be aided by enlarging balancing areas and moving to subhourly scheduling, which enable grid operators to access a deeper stack of generating resources and take advantage of the smoothing of wind output due to geographic diversity. Continued improvements in new conventional-generation technologies and the emergence of demand response, smart grids, and new technologies such as plug-in hybrids will also help with wind integration.

Open Automated Demand Response Communications Specification (Version 1.0)

Abstract: The development of the Open Automated Demand Response Communications Specification, also known as OpenADR or Open Auto-DR, began in 2002 following the California electricity crisis. The work has been carried out by the Demand Response Research Center (DRRC), which is managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This specification describes an open standards-based communications data model designed to facilitate sending and receiving demand response price and reliability signals from a utility or Independent System Operator to electric customers. OpenADR is one element of the Smart Grid information and communications technologies that are being developed to improve optimization between electric supply and demand. The intention of the open automated demand response communications data model is to provide interoperable signals to building and industrial control systems that are preprogrammed to take action based on a demand response signal, enabling a demand response event to be fully automated, with no manual intervention. The OpenADR specification is a flexible infrastructure to facilitate common information exchange between the utility or Independent System Operator and end-use participants. The concept of an open specification is intended to allow anyone to implement the signaling systems, the automation server or the automation clients.

Intelligent monitoring of an electrical utility grid

Abstract: A method of managing an electric utility grid includes geographically grouping a set of customer electric usage meters to create a set of fine sensors on a power grid. Each usage meter in the grouped set is capable of being remotely monitored, and each usage meter is at a different location along the power line. If a power anomaly is detected at the subset of meters, then power to the electric utility grid is adjusted to correct the anomaly.