Smart grid

About: Smart grid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37536 publications have been published within this topic receiving 627844 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent grid.

Machine Learning Adoption in Blockchain-Based Smart Applications: The Challenges, and a Way Forward

Abstract: In recent years, the emergence of blockchain technology (BT) has become a unique, most disruptive, and trending technology. The decentralized database in BT emphasizes data security and privacy. Also, the consensus mechanism in it makes sure that data is secured and legitimate. Still, it raises new security issues such as majority attack and double-spending. To handle the aforementioned issues, data analytics is required on blockchain based secure data. Analytics on these data raises the importance of arisen technology Machine Learning (ML). ML involves the rational amount of data to make precise decisions. Data reliability and its sharing are very crucial in ML to improve the accuracy of results. The combination of these two technologies (ML and BT) can provide highly precise results. In this paper, we present a detailed study on ML adoption for making BT-based smart applications more resilient against attacks. There are various traditional ML techniques, for instance, Support Vector Machines (SVM), clustering, bagging, and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long short-term memory (LSTM) can be used to analyse the attacks on a blockchain-based network. Further, we include how both the technologies can be applied in several smart applications such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Smart Grid (SG), healthcare, and smart cities. Then, future research issues and challenges are explored. At last, a case study is presented with a conclusion.

Links to the Future: Communication Requirements and Challenges in the Smart Grid

Abstract: Making the smart grid a reality will entail communication capabilities that do not exist in current power grids and their legacy control systems. New grid elements such as distributed energy generation and PHEVs will necessitate changes in these existing communication networks. These changes will be dictated by the need for new control operations that will allow efficient management of these new elements and that cannot be supported by the existing communication infra structure. Moreover, the smart grid will let households man age energy usage more efficiently through AMI and HEMSs. The realization of these systems will require pushing communication networks far out from the network core and deep into homes and buildings. We have presented the communication requirements of the smart grid, and we have identified the main technical challenges that need to be tackled. The only viable way to fulfill these requirements is to design a new communication architecture that can support smart grid services and control operations. This future communication architecture will need to take advantage of the recent progress made in communication technologies and protocols. It will require the introduction of communications technologies that were not considered in the past. In addition, this communication architecture will need to be reliable, scalable, and extendable to future smart grid services and applications.

Efficient Computation for Sparse Load Shifting in Demand Side Management

Abstract: This paper introduces a distributed algorithm for sparse load shifting in demand-side management with a focus on the scheduling problem of residential smart appliances. By the sparse load shifting strategy, customers’ discomfort is reduced. Although there are many game theoretic models for the demand-side management problem, the computational efficiency of finding Nash equilibrium that globally minimizes the total energy consumption cost and the peak-to-average ratio is still an outstanding issue. We develop a bidirectional framework for solving the demand-side management problem in a distributed way to substantially improve the search efficiency. A Newton method is employed to accelerate the centralized coordination of demand side management strategies that superlinearly converge to a better Nash equilibrium minimizing the peak-to-average ratio. Furthermore, dual fast gradient and convex relaxation are applied to tackle the sub-problem for customers’ best response, which is able to relieve customers’ discomfort from load shifting or interrupting. Detailed results from illustrative case studies are presented and discussed, which shows the costs of energy consumption and daily peak demand by our algorithm are reduced. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.

Operation Modes for the Electric Vehicle in Smart Grids and Smart Homes: Present and Proposed Modes

Abstract: This paper presents the main operation modes for an electric vehicle (EV) battery charger framed in smart grids and smart homes, i.e., present-day and new operation modes that can represent an asset toward EV adoption are discussed and proposed, respectively. Apart from the well-known grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation modes, this paper proposes two new operation modes: home-to-vehicle (H2V), where the EV battery charger current is controlled according to the current consumption of the electrical appliances of the home (this operation mode is combined with G2V and V2G), and vehicle-for-grid (V4G), where the EV battery charger is used for compensating current harmonics or reactive power, simultaneously with the G2V and V2G operation modes. The vehicle-to-home (V2H) operation mode, where the EV can operate as a power source in isolated systems or as offline uninterruptible power supply to feed priority appliances of the home during power outages of the electrical grid, is presented in this paper and framed with the other operation modes. These five operation modes were validated through experimental results using a developed 3.6-kW bidirectional EV battery charger prototype, which was specially designed for these operation modes. This paper describes the developed EV battery charger prototype, detailing the power theory and the voltage and current control strategies used in the control system. This paper also presents experimental results for the various operation modes, both in steady state and during transients.