Smart grid

About: Smart grid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37536 publications have been published within this topic receiving 627844 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent grid.

Integrated Energy Management of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Power Grid With Renewables

Abstract: This paper presents an integrated control scheme for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation in the distribution grid with renewable energy sources. A hierarchical framework is proposed for V2G applications, and the mathematical models are built for both smart charging and V2G operation with distribution grid constraints. V2G power is regulated to minimize the total operating cost (TOC) while providing frequency regulation. The simulation results verify the control algorithm in coordinating distributed electric vehicle (EV) aggregations with the varying wind power and daily load. For V2G dynamic regulation, EVs connected in close proximity to wind power generators can locally compensate for the wind fluctuation with fast response and, hence, smooth out the power fluctuation at the bus having wind power generators and EVs. Each individual EV is strategically assigned to implement the simulated control algorithm through a bidirectional converter. An experimental platform is incorporated into the proposed integrated energy management to demonstrate the instantaneous response of EV battery storage.

Comprehensive Real-Time Microgrid Power Management and Control With Distributed Agents

Abstract: Advances in smart grid technology have yet to coalesce into a comprehensive solution integrating the landscape of future power systems. The microgrid concept may offer a solution for combining advanced components and enabling technologies within an infrastructure that must expand to meet emerging demands. As autonomous power system entities, microgrids require robust real-time power management and control to simultaneously operate jointly with the utility, provide reliable service, and help achieve customer-driven objectives utilizing local power system assets. In this paper, a decentralized control architecture for microgrids is presented, along with a simulation environment appropriate for on-going investigations into real-time, agent-based decision-making. Challenges faced by operating self-organizing multi-agent system (MAS) are presented, as well as results for a representative power management scenario for a multi-asset microgrid capable of operating in grid-interconnected or islanded mode. The system and formulations presented demonstrate the viability and capability of decentralized agent-based control for microgrids and illustrate their potential towards achieving smart grid goals.

PALDi: Online Load Disaggregation via Particle Filtering

Abstract: Smart metering and fine-grained energy data are one of the major enablers for future smart grid and improved energy efficiency in smart homes. Using the information provided by smart meter power draw, valuable information can be extracted as disaggregated appliance power draws by non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). NILM allows to identify appliances according to their power characteristics in the total power consumption of a household, measured by one sensor, the smart meter. In this paper, we present an NILM approach, where the appliance states are estimated by particle filtering (PF). PF is used for nonlinear and non-Gaussian disturbed problems and is suitable to estimate the appliance state. ON/OFF appliances, multistate appliances, or combinations of them are modeled by hidden Markov models, and their combinations result in a factorial hidden Markov model modeling the household power demand. We evaluate the PF-based NILM approach on synthetic and on real data from a well-known dataset to show that our approach achieves an accuracy of 90% on real household power draws.

Hardware Demonstration of a Home Energy Management System for Demand Response Applications

Abstract: A Home Energy Management (HEM) system plays a crucial role in realizing residential Demand Response (DR) programs in the smart grid environment. It provides a homeowner the ability to automatically perform smart load controls based on utility signals, customer's preference and load priority. This paper presents the hardware demonstration of the proposed HEM system for managing end-use appliances. The HEM's communication time delay to perform load control is analyzed, along with its residual energy consumption.

Optimal Management Strategy of a Battery-Based Storage System to Improve Renewable Energy Integration in Distribution Networks

Abstract: The paper proposes the modeling and the optimal management of a hot-temperature (sodium nickel chloride) battery system coupled with wind generators connected to a medium voltage grid. A discrete-time model of the storage device reproducing the battery main dynamics (i.e., state of charge, temperature, current, protection, and limitation systems) has been developed. The model has been validated through some experimental tests. An optimal management strategy has been implemented based on a forward dynamic programming algorithm, specifically developed to exploit the energy price arbitrage along the optimization time horizon (“generation shifting”). Taking advantage of this strategy wind generation performances can be enhanced and adapted to load demand, obtaining an increased economic gain measured by the difference between the economic revenue obtained with and without the proposed generation shifting policy.