Smart grid

About: Smart grid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37536 publications have been published within this topic receiving 627844 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent grid.

A Two Ways Communication-Based Distributed Control for Voltage Regulation in Smart Distribution Feeders

Abstract: Smart grid initiative is based on several pillars among which integrating a wide variety of distributed generation (DG) is of particular importance. The connection of a large number of DG units among loads may result in a severe voltage regulation problem and the utility-side voltage regulators might no longer be able to use conventional control techniques. In addition, smart grid should provide new digital technologies such as monitoring, automatic control, and two way communication facilities to improve the overall performance of the network. These technologies have been applied in this paper to construct a distributed control that has the capability to provide proper voltage regulation in smart distribution feeders. The functions of each controller have been defined according to the concept of intelligent agents and the characteristics of the individual DG unit as well as utility regulators. To verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control structure, a real time simulation model has been proposed. The simulation results show that distributed control structure has the capability to mitigate the interference between DG facilities and utility voltage regulators.

Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Smart Grid Considering Power Losses and Network Fees

Abstract: Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is one of the promising approaches for implementing decentralized electricity market paradigms. In the P2P trading, each actor negotiates directly with a set of trading partners. Since the physical network or grid is used for energy transfer, power losses are inevitable, and grid-related costs always occur during the P2P trading. A proper market clearing mechanism is required for the P2P energy trading between different producers and consumers. This paper proposes a decentralized market clearing mechanism for the P2P energy trading considering the privacy of the agents, power losses as well as the utilization fees for using the third party owned network. Grid-related costs in the P2P energy trading are considered by calculating the network utilization fees using an electrical distance approach. The simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized approach for market clearing in P2P energy trading.

Distribution system analysis and the future Smart Grid

Abstract: The “smart grid” refers to various efforts to modernize the power grid through the application of alternate sources of energy and intelligent devices. The present national interest in smart grid applications has generated many questions concerning the role of distribution engineering in the future. What features do utility engineers need in distribution system analysis tools to support the future smart grid? This paper will discuss some relevant Electric Power Research Institute research in this area that focuses on selected issues related to smart grid analysis relevant to rural utilities. The essential characteristics of distribution system analysis tools to support analysis of these issues are discussed.

Prioritizing Consumers in Smart Grid: A Game Theoretic Approach

Abstract: This paper proposes an energy management technique for a consumer-to-grid system in smart grid. The benefit to consumers is made the primary concern to encourage consumers to participate voluntarily in energy trading with the central power station (CPS) in situations of energy deficiency. A novel system model motivating energy trading under the goal of social optimality is proposed. A single-leader multiple-follower Stackelberg game is then studied to model the interactions between the CPS and a number of energy consumers (ECs), and to find optimal distributed solutions for the optimization problem based on the system model. The CPS is considered as a leader seeking to minimize its total cost of buying energy from the ECs, and the ECs are the followers who decide on how much energy they will sell to the CPS for maximizing their utilities. It is shown that the game, which can be implemented distributedly, possesses a socially optimal solution, in which the sum of the benefits to all consumers is maximized, as the total cost to the CPS is minimized. Numerical analysis confirms the effectiveness of the game.

Alleviating Solar Energy Congestion in the Distribution Grid via Smart Metering Communications

Abstract: The operation and control of the existing power grid system, which is challenged with rising demands and peak loads, has been considered passive. Congestion is often discovered in high-demand regions, and at locations where abundant renewable energy is generated and injected into the grid; this is attributed to a lack of transmission lines, transfer capability, and transmission capacity. While developing distributed generation (DG) tends to alleviate the traditional congestion problem, employing information and communications technology (ICT) helps manage DG more effectively. ICT involves a vast amount of data to facilitate a broader knowledge of the network status. Data computation and communications are critical elements that can impact the system performance. In this paper, we consider congestion caused by power surpluses produced from households' solar units on rooftops or on ground. Disconnecting some solar units is required to maintain the reliability of the distribution grid. We propose a model for the disconnection process via smart metering communications between smart meters and the utility control center. By modeling the surplus congestion issue as a knapsack problem, we can solve it by proposed greedy solutions. Reduced computation time and data traffic in the network can be achieved.