Smart grid

About: Smart grid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37536 publications have been published within this topic receiving 627844 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent grid.

A Memory-Based Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of Power Generation in a Microgrid

Abstract: In smart grids, one of the most important objectives is the ability to improve the grid's situational awareness and allow for fast-acting changes in power generation. In such systems, an energy management system should gather all the needed information, solve an optimization problem, and communicate back to each distributed energy resource (DER) its correct allocation of energy. This paper proposes a memory-based genetic algorithm (MGA) that optimally shares the power generation task among a number of DERs. The MGA is utilized for minimization of the energy production cost in the smart grid framework. It shares optimally the power generation in a microgrid including wind plants, photovoltaic plants, and a combined heat and power system. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, the results obtained by the MGA are compared with the results found by a genetic algorithm and two variants of particle swarm optimization. Simulation results accentuate the superiority of the proposed MGA technique.

State of the Art and Trends Review of Smart Metering in Electricity Grids

Abstract: Climate change, awareness of energy efficiency, new trends in electricity markets, the obsolescence of the actual electricity model, and the gradual conversion of consumers to prosumer profiles are the main agents of progressive change in electricity systems towards the Smart Grid paradigm. The introduction of multiple distributed generation and storage resources, with a strong involvement of renewable energies, exposes the necessity of advanced metering or Smart Metering systems, able to manage and control those distributed resources. Due to the heterogeneity of the Smart Metering systems and the specific features of each grid, it is easy to find in the related literature a wide range of solutions with different features. This work describes the key elements in a Smart Metering system and compiles the most employed technologies and standards as well as their main features. Since Smart Metering systems can perform jointly with other activities, these growing initiatives are also addressed. Finally, a revision of the main trends in Smart Metering uses and deployments worldwide is included.

SDN-Enabled Multi-Attribute-Based Secure Communication for Smart Grid in IIoT Environment

Abstract: Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) is an emerging technology with a large number of smart connected devices having sensing, storage, and computing capabilities. IIoT is used in a wide range of applications such as transportation, healthcare, manufacturing, and energy management in smart grids. Most of the solutions reported in the literature for secure communications are not suitable for the aforementioned applications due to the usage of traditional TCP/IP-based network infrastructure. So, to handle this challenge, in this paper, a software-defined network (SDN) enabled multi-attribute secure communication model for an IIoT environment is designed. The proposed scheme works in three phases: 1) an SDN-IIoT communication model is designed using a cuckoo-filter -based fast-forwarding scheme, 2) an attribute-based encryption scheme is presented for secure data communication, and 3) a peer entity authentication scheme using a third party authenticator, Kerberos , is also presented. The proposed scheme has been evaluated using different parameters where the results obtained prove its effectiveness in comparison to the existing solutions.

The role of the RPL routing protocol for smart grid communications

Abstract: Advanced communication/networking technologies should be integrated in next-generation power systems (a.k.a. smart grids) to improve their resilience, efficiency, adaptability, and sustainability. Many believe that the smart grid communication infrastructure will emerge from the interconnection of a large number of small-scale networks organized into a hierarchical architecture covering larger geographic areas. In this article, first we carry out a thorough analysis of the key components of the smart grid communication architecture, discussing the different network topologies and communication technologies that could be employed. Special emphasis is given to the advanced metering infrastructure, which will be used to interconnect the smart meters deployed at customers' premises with data aggregators and control centers. The design of scalable, reliable, and efficient networking solutions for AMI systems is an important research problem because these networks are composed of thousands of resource-constrained embedded devices usually interconnected with communication technologies that can provide only low-bandwidth and unreliable links. The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks was recently standardized by the IETF to specifically meet the requirements of typical AMI applications. In this article we present a thorough overview of the protocol, and we critically analyze its advantages and potential limits in AMI applications. We also conduct a performance evaluation of RPL using a Contiki-based prototype of the RPL standard and a network emulator. Our results indicate that although average performance may appear reasonable for AMI networks, a few RPL nodes may suffer from severe unreliability issues and experience high packet loss rates due to the selection of suboptimal paths with highly unreliable links.