Smart grid

About: Smart grid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37536 publications have been published within this topic receiving 627844 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent grid.

Transforming Energy Networks via Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading: The Potential of Game-Theoretic Approaches

Abstract: Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has emerged as a next-generation energy-management mechanism for the smart grid that enables each prosumer (i.e., an energy consumer who also produces electricity) of the network to participate in energy trading with other prosumers and the grid. This poses a significant challenge in terms of modeling the decisionmaking process of the participants' conflicting interests and motivating prosumers to participate in energy trading and cooperate, if necessary, in achieving different energy-management goals. Therefore, such a decisionmaking process needs to be built on solid mathematical and signal processing principles that can ensure an efficient operation of the electric power grid. This article provides an overview of the use of game-theoretic approaches for P2P energy trading as a feasible and effective means of energy management. Various game- and auction-theoretic approaches are discussed by following a systematic classification to provide information on the importance of game theory for smart energy research. This article also focuses on the key features of P2P energy trading and gives an introduction to an existing P2P testbed. Furthermore, the article gives specific game- and auction-theoretic models that have recently been used in P2P energy trading and discusses important findings arising from these approaches.

Design of Secure User Authenticated Key Management Protocol for Generic IoT Networks

Abstract: In recent years, the research in generic Internet of Things (IoT) attracts a lot of practical applications including smart home, smart city, smart grid, industrial Internet, connected healthcare, smart retail, smart supply chain and smart farming. The hierarchical IoT network (HIoTN) is a special kind of the generic IoT network, which is composed of the different nodes, such as the gateway node, cluster head nodes, and sensing nodes organized in a hierarchy. In HIoTN, there is a need, where a user can directly access the real-time data from the sensing nodes for a particular application in generic IoT networking environment. This paper emphasizes on the design of a new secure lightweight three-factor remote user authentication scheme for HIoTNs, called the user authenticated key management protocol (UAKMP). The three factors used in UAKMP are the user smart card, password, and personal biometrics. The security of the scheme is thoroughly analyzed under the formal security in the widely accepted real-or-random model, the informal security as well as the formal security verification using the widely accepted automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool. UAKMP offers several functionality features including offline sensing node registration, freely password and biometric update facility, user anonymity, and sensing node anonymity compared to other related existing schemes. In addition, UAKMP is also comparable in computation and communication costs as compared to other existing schemes.

On heat pumps in smart grids: A review

Abstract: This paper investigates heat pump systems in smart grids, focussing on fields of application and control approaches that have emerged in academic literature. Based on a review of published literatu ...

Power Systems Resilience Assessment: Hardening and Smart Operational Enhancement Strategies

Abstract: Power systems have typically been designed to be reliable to expected, low-impact high-frequency outages. In contrast, extreme events, driven for instance by extreme weather and natural disasters, happen with low-probability, but can have a high impact. The need for power systems, possibly the most critical infrastructures in the world, to become resilient to such events is becoming compelling. However, there is still little clarity as to this relatively new concept. On these premises, this paper provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of power systems resilience and to the use of hardening and smart operational strategies to improve it. More specifically, first the resilience trapezoid is introduced as visual tool to reflect the behavior of a power system during a catastrophic event. Building on this, the key resilience features that a power system should boast are then defined, along with a discussion on different possible hardening and smart, operational resilience enhancement strategies. Further, the so-called $\Phi \Lambda {E}\Pi $ resilience assessment framework is presented, which includes a set of resilience metrics capable of modeling and quantifying the resilience performance of a power system subject to catastrophic events. A case study application with a 29-bus test version of the Great Britain transmission network is carried out to investigate the impacts of extreme windstorms. The effects of different hardening and smart resilience enhancement strategies are also explored, thus demonstrating the practicality of the different concepts presented.

Energy Pricing and Dispatch for Smart Grid Retailers Under Demand Response and Market Price Uncertainty

Abstract: This paper proposes a two-stage two-level model for the energy pricing and dispatch problem faced by a smart grid retailer who plays the role of an intermediary agent between a wholesale energy market and end consumers. Demand response of consumers with respect to the retail price is characterized by a Stackelberg game in the first stage, thus the first stage has two levels. A risk-aversive energy dispatch accounting for market price uncertainty is modeled by a linear robust optimization with objective uncertainty in the second stage. The proposed model is transformed to a mixed integer linear program (MILP) by jointly using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, the disjunctive constraints, and the duality theory. We propose a heuristic method to select the parameter in disjunctive constraints based on the interpretation of Lagrange multipliers. Moreover, we suggest solving an additional linear program (LP) to acquire a possible enhanced bidding strategy that guarantees a Pareto improvement on the retailer's profit over the entire uncertainty set. Case studies demonstrate the proposed model and method is valid.