Smart grid

About: Smart grid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37536 publications have been published within this topic receiving 627844 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent grid.

Demand response for sustainable energy systems: A review, application and implementation strategy

Abstract: The growth of advanced metering infrastructure, enhanced communication infrastructure in power grids, and the ability of end-user consumer to actively participate helps in realizing vision of sustainable energy systems. Demand response (DR) programs are developed in order to deploy this ability and make power grids more efficient, environmental friendly, and reliable. This paper presents a review of DR, existing application and a possible implementation strategy in a smart grid environment. Furthermore, classification and status of DR programs in different U.S. electricity markets have been also discussed.

Dynamic Event-Triggered Distributed Coordination Control and its Applications: A Survey of Trends and Techniques

Abstract: Distributed coordination control is the current trend in networked systems and finds prosperous applications across a variety of fields, such as smart grids and intelligent transportation systems. One fundamental issue in coordinating and controlling a large group of distributed and networked agents is the influence of intermittent interagent interactions caused by constrained communication resources. Event-triggered communication scheduling stands out as a promising enabler to strike a balance between the desired control performance and the satisfactory resource efficiency. What distinguishes dynamic event-triggered scheduling from traditional static event-triggered scheduling is that the triggering mechanism can be dynamically adjusted over time in accordance with both available system information and additional dynamic variables. This article provides an up-to-date overview of dynamic event-triggered distributed coordination control. The motivation of dynamic event-triggered scheduling is first introduced in the context of distributed coordination control. Then some techniques of dynamic event-triggered distributed coordination control are discussed in detail. Implementation and design issues are well addressed. Furthermore, this article exemplifies two applications of dynamic event-triggered distributed coordination control in the fields of microgrids and automated vehicles. Several challenges are suggested to direct the future research.

A Review of Charge Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are being introduced by different manufacturers as an environment-friendly alternative to vehicles with internal combustion engines, with several benefits. The number of EVs is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years. However, uncoordinated charging of these vehicles can put a severe stress on the power grid. The problem of charge scheduling of EVs is an important and challenging problem and has seen significant research activity in the last few years. This review covers the recent works done in the area of scheduling algorithms for charging EVs in smart grid. The works are first classified into two broad classes of unidirectional versus bidirectional charging, and then, each class is further classified based on whether the scheduling is centralized or distributed and whether any mobility aspects are considered or not. It then reviews the key results in this field following the classification proposed. Some interesting research challenges that can be addressed are also identified.

Economics of Electric Vehicle Charging: A Game Theoretic Approach

Abstract: In this paper, the problem of grid-to-vehicle energy exchange between a smart grid and plug-in electric vehicle groups (PEVGs) is studied using a noncooperative Stackelberg game. In this game, on the one hand, the smart grid that acts as a leader, needs to decide on its price so as to optimize its revenue while ensuring the PEVGs' participation. On the other hand, the PEVGs, which act as followers, need to decide on their charging strategies so as to optimize a tradeoff between the benefit from battery charging and the associated cost. Using variational inequalities, it is shown that the proposed game possesses a socially optimal Stackelberg equilibrium in which the grid optimizes its price while the PEVGs choose their equilibrium strategies. A distributed algorithm that enables the PEVGs and the smart grid to reach this equilibrium is proposed and assessed by extensive simulations. Further, the model is extended to a time-varying case that can incorporate and handle slowly varying environments.