Smart grid

About: Smart grid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37536 publications have been published within this topic receiving 627844 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent grid.

An Optimal and Distributed Demand Response Strategy With Electric Vehicles in the Smart Grid

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new model of demand response management for the future smart grid that integrates plug-in electric vehicles and renewable distributed generators. A price scheme considering fluctuation cost is developed. We consider a market where users have the flexibility to sell back the energy generated from their distributed generators or the energy stored in their plug-in electric vehicles. A distributed optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is developed to solve the optimization problem, in which consumers need to report their aggregated loads only to the utility company, thus ensuring their privacy. Consumers can update their loads scheduling simultaneously and locally to speed up the optimization computing. Using numerical examples, we show that the demand curve is flattened after the optimization, even though there are uncertainties in the model, thus reducing the cost paid by the utility company. The distributed algorithms are also shown to reduce the users' daily bills.

Detecting stealthy false data injection using machine learning in smart grid

Abstract: Aging power industries together with increase in the demand from industrial and residential customers are the main incentive for policy makers to define a road map to the next generation power system called smart grid. In smart grid, the overall monitoring costs will be decreased but at the same time, the risk of cyber attacks might be increased. Recently a new type of attacks (called the stealth attack) has been introduced, which cannot be detected by the bad data detection using state estimation. In this paper, we show how normal operations of power networks can be statistically distinguished from the case under stealthy attacks. We devise two machine learning based techniques for stealthy attack detection. The first method utilizes supervised learning over labeled data and trains a support vector machine. The second method requires no training data and detects the deviation in measurement In both methods, principle component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data to be processed, and thus leads to lower computation complexities. The results of the proposed detection methods on the IEEE standard test systems demonstrate effectiveness of both schemes.

Business methods in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for a power aggregation system. In one implementation, a method includes determining a level of renewable energy on a power grid, determining a price of electricity on the power grid, and scheduling a charging of an electric resource connected to the power grid as a function of the price of electricity on the power grid and the level of renewable energy on the power grid.

Consensus-Based Energy Management in Smart Grid With Transmission Losses and Directed Communication

Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of distributed energy management for both generation and demand side in smart grid. Different from existing works, we formulate a social welfare maximization problem for a more practical scenario by taking transmission losses into account. The formulated problem is non-convex due to the non-convexity of the power balance equality constraint caused by the transmission losses. To solve the problem, we first transform the equality constraint into an inequality constraint and obtain a new convex optimization problem. We then derive a sufficient condition to guarantee that the new problem has the same solution as the original one. Because of the coupling in the constraint, Lagrange duality method is adopted to decompose the problem. Considering the general communication topology among generators and demands, i.e., directed connected topology, we design a consensus-based algorithm to solve the problem in a distributed way. We also prove the convergence and optimality of the proposed algorithm, under which the social welfare maximization is achieved. Extensive simulations validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A Survey of MAC Layer Issues and Protocols for Machine-to-Machine Communications

Abstract: With the growing interest in the use of autonomous computing, sensing and actuating devices for various applications such as smart grids, home networking, smart environments and cities, health care, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication has become an important networking paradigm. However, in order to fully exploit the applications facilitated by M2M communications, adequate support from all layers in the network stack must first be provided in order to meet their service requirements. This paper presents a survey of the requirements, technical challenges, and existing work on medium access control (MAC) layer protocols for supporting M2M communications. This paper first describes the issues related to efficient, scalable, and fair channel access for M2M communications. Then, in addition to protocols that have been developed specifically for M2M communications, this paper reviews existing MAC protocols and their applicability to M2M communications. This survey paper then discusses ongoing standardization efforts and open problems for future research in this area.