Smart grid

About: Smart grid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37536 publications have been published within this topic receiving 627844 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent grid.

Blockchain Applications in Smart Grid–Review and Frameworks

Abstract: Modern power systems face different challenges such as the ever-increasing electrical energy demand, the massive growth of renewable energy with distributed generations, the large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) devices adaptation, the emerging cyber-physical security threats, and the main goal of maintaining the system’s stability and reliability. These challenges pose extreme pressure on finding advanced technologies and sustainable solutions for secure and reliable operations of the power system. The blockchain is one of the recent technologies that have gained lots of attention in different applications including smart grid for its uniqueness and decentralized nature. In the last few years, this technology grew a momentum specifically with the cryptocurrencies’ industry such as the Bitcoin and Etherium. The Blockchain’s applications in the smart grids could offer many innovative and affordable solutions to some of the challenges that the future and the current smart grids will be facing. This paper reviews different prospects, advantages, approaches, and technical challenges of utilizing the blockchain technology in the smart grid, and presents frameworks for key smart grid blockchain-based applications; more specifically, it is shown that how the blockchain can be used as the smart grid’s cyber-physical layer.

A review of electric load classification in smart grid environment

Abstract: The load data in smart grid contains a lot of valuable knowledge, which is useful for both electricity producers and consumers. Load classification is an important issue in load data mining. A five-stage process model of load classification is constructed based on the summary and analysis of studies about load classification in smart grid environment. Then, the commonly used clustering methods for load classification are summarized and briefly reviewed, and the well-known evaluation methods for load classification are also introduced. Besides, the applications of load classification, including bad data identification and correction, load forecasting and tariff setting, are discussed. Finally, an example of load classification based on Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is presented.

BEVs/PHEVs as Dispersed Energy Storage for V2B Uses in the Smart Grid

Abstract: Numerous recent studies have assessed the feasibility of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode of discharging, which provides an option to use the energy stored in a battery in electric vehicles to support the power grid. This paper aims at demonstrating the potential benefits of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as dynamically configurable dispersed energy storage acting in a vehicle-to-building (V2B) operating mode. V2B is a concept that is practically viable today being far simpler than V2G, and it may be implemented on a 3-5 year time horizon while V2G may take 10-15 years to gain wider acceptance. Based on the battery characteristics, the benefits of using BEVs/PHEVs as energy storage for demand side management (DSM) and outage management (OM) are discussed in detail. This paper is also focused on the implementation issues of DSM and OM in the smart distribution grid. A strategy for adopting BEVs/PHEV uses in the V2B mode under the peak load and during outage condition is proposed and demonstrated with test cases and numerical results.

A review of energy efficiency in ports: Operational strategies, technologies and energy management systems

Abstract: Many ports and terminals endeavor to enhance energy efficiency as energy prices have increased through years and climate change mitigation is a key target for the port industry. Stricter environmental regulations are adopted by authorities to limit pollutants and GHG emissions arising from energy consumption. Increasingly, port operational strategies and energy usage patterns are under scrutiny. To ingrain sustainability and environmental protection of ports, the use of innovative technology appears as a critical conduit in achieving a transition from a carbon-intensive port industry (dependent on fossil fuels) to a low-carbon port model by harnessing renewable energy, alternative fuels (e.g. LNG, hydrogen, biofuel), smarter power distribution systems, energy consumption measurement systems. In this context, this paper conducts a systematic literature review to analyze operational strategies (e.g. peak shaving, operations optimization), technology usage (e.g. electrification of equipment, cold-ironing, energy storage systems), renewable energy, alternative fuels and energy management systems (e.g. smart grid with renewable energy) for improving the energy efficiency and environmental performance of ports and terminals. Research gaps and future research directions are identified. Analysis shows that there is a great potential for ports to achieve further energy efficiency and researchers have many impactful research opportunities.