Topic
Smart material
About: Smart material is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3704 publications have been published within this topic receiving 74280 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent material & responsive material.
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TL;DR: In this review, three classes of innovative materials are described: hydrogels, nanomaterials, and thin films that respond to a biological stimulus related to the presence of bacteria, such as changes in pH or bacterial enzyme secretion.
Abstract: To fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria adhering and developing on medical devices, which is a growing problem worldwide, researchers are currently developing new "smart" materials and coatings. They consist in delivery of antimicrobial agents in an intelligent way, i.e., only when bacteria are present. This requires the use of new and sophisticated tools combining antimicrobial agents with lipids or polymers, synthetic and/or natural. In this review, three classes of innovative materials are described: hydrogels, nanomaterials, and thin films. Moreover, smart antibacterial materials can be classified into two groups depending on the origin of the stimulus used: those that respond to a nonbiological stimulus (light, temperature, electric and magnetic fields) and those that respond to a biological stimulus related to the presence of bacteria, such as changes in pH or bacterial enzyme secretion. The bacteria presence can induce a pH change that constitutes a first potential biological trigger allowing the system to become active. A second biological trigger signal consists in enzymes produced by bacteria themselves. A complete panel of recent studies will be given focusing on the design of such innovative smart materials that are sensitive to biological triggers.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a light-controllable polymeric material is presented, in which exposure to light couples with a change in magnetic properties, allowing light signal conversion into nonvolatile magnetic memory.
Abstract: Remotely controlled actuation with wireless sensorial feed-back is desirable for smart materials to obtain fully computer-controlled actuators. A light-controllable polymeric material is presented, in which exposure to light couples with a change in magnetic properties, allowing light signal conversion into non-volatile magnetic memory. The same material can serve, additionally, both as actuator and transducer, and allows the monitoring of its two-way elastic shape-changes by magnetic read-out. In order to tune the macroscopic magnetic properties of the material, both the reorientation of i) shape anisotropic ferrimagnetic nano-spindles and ii) a mechanically and magnetically coupled liquid-crystalline elastomer (LCE) matrix are controlled. These materials are envisioned to have great potential for the development of innovative functional objects, for example, computer-controlled smart clothing, sensors, signal encoding, micro-valves, and robotic devices.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the design and measured performance of a compact hybrid actuation system driven by the single-crystal electrostrictive material PMN-32%PT.
Abstract: The basic operation of smart material-based hybrid electrohydraulic actuators involves high frequency bidirectional length change in an active material stack (or rod) that is converted to unidirectional motion of a hydraulic fluid by a set of valves. In this study, we present the design and measured performance of a compact hybrid actuation system driven by the single-crystal electrostrictive material PMN-32%PT. The active material was actuated at different frequencies with variations in the applied voltage, fluid bias pressure, and external load to study the effects on output velocity. The maximum actuator velocity was 330 mm/s and the corresponding flow rate was 42.5 cc/s; the blocked force of the actuator was 63 N. The results of the experiments are presented and compared with simulation data to validate a nonlinear time-domain model. Linearized equations were used to represent the active material while the inertia, viscous losses, and compressibility of the fluid were included using differential equations. Factors affecting system performance are identified and the inclusion of fluid inertia in the model is also justified.
27 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Smart Material Interfaces (SMIs) as discussed by the authors take advantage of the latest generation of engineered materials that has a special property defined "smart" and are capable of changing their physical properties, such as shape, size and color, and can be controlled by using certain stimuli.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a vision called Smart Material Interfaces (SMIs), which takes advantage of the latest generation of engineered materials that has a special property defined “smart”. They are capable of changing their physical properties, such as shape, size and color, and can be controlled by using certain stimuli (light, potential difference, temperature and so on). We describe SMIs in relation to Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) to convey the usefulness and a better understanding of SMIs.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the additive manufacturing (AM) of smart materials, exhibiting 4D properties under the affect of external stimulus, which are special in nature because they ac...
Abstract: This review highlights the additive manufacturing (AM) of smart materials, exhibiting 4-D properties under the affect of external stimulus. The smart materials are special in nature because they ac...
27 citations