Topic
Smart material
About: Smart material is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3704 publications have been published within this topic receiving 74280 citations. The topic is also known as: intelligent material & responsive material.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the shape memory behaviors of the 4D printed structures triggered by magnetic field were investigated, and the structures like bone tissues printed by PLA/Fe3O4 composites filaments with 15% Fe 3O4 were actuated by a magnetic field at 27.5 kHz.
Abstract: 4D printed shape memory polymers and their composites are currently a highly topical research area. The potential applications for 4D printed smart materials are wide-reaching, with particular promise for personalized medicine. In this work, we 4D printed various structures made of biocompatible and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA/Fe3O4 composite filaments. The shape memory behaviors of the 4D printed structures triggered by magnetic field were investigated. The printed structures can return to their original shapes with a high speed in just a few seconds. Moreover, the structures like bone tissues printed by PLA/Fe3O4 composites filaments with 15% Fe3O4 were actuated by magnetic field at 27.5 kHz. During the shape recovery process, surface temperature of the printed structures is uniform and around 40 °C. This physiologically relevant operating temperature range is a highly attractive feature for potential healthcare and biomedical applications.
134 citations
TL;DR: Shape memory materials fulfill an important role in both actuation and mechanical coupling between actuators and associated dynamic systems as discussed by the authors, but the basic physical principles are very different and this paper attempts to outline the current state-of-theart to those already involved with the technology and perhaps open a fresh chapter in smart materials to those who are new to it.
131 citations
TL;DR: Because some molecular machines can function as molecular motors-which are capable of cycling a unidirectional motion out of thermodynamic equilibrium and progressively increasing the work delivered to their environment-one can expect unique opportunities to design new kinds of mechanically active materials and devices capable of autonomous behavior when supplied by an external source of energy.
Abstract: Artificial molecular machines are able to produce and exploit precise nanoscale actuations in response to chemical or physical triggers. Recent scientific efforts have been devoted to the integration, orientation, and interfacing of large assemblies of molecular machines in order to harness their collective actuations at larger length scale and up to the generation of macroscopic motions. Making use of such "hierarchical mechanics" represents a fundamentally new approach for the conception of stimuli-responsive materials. Furthermore, because some molecular machines can function as molecular motors-which are capable of cycling a unidirectional motion out of thermodynamic equilibrium and progressively increasing the work delivered to their environment-one can expect unique opportunities to design new kinds of mechanically active materials and devices capable of autonomous behavior when supplied by an external source of energy. Recently reported achievements are summarized, including the integration of molecular machines at surfaces and interfaces, in 3D self-assembled materials, as well as in liquid crystals and polymer materials. Their detailed functioning principles as well as their functional properties are discussed along with their potential applications in various domains such as sensing, drug delivery, electronics, optics, plasmonics, and mechanics.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for online detection of initial damage in composite structures based on energy variation of structural dynamic responses decomposed using wavelet analysis, which can detect extremely small cracks in composite plates.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetorheological fluids are classified as smart materials with controllable rheological properties, and the fast growing application of magnetors in recent years has increased the...
Abstract: The magnetorheological fluids are classified as smart materials with controllable rheological properties. The fast growing application of magnetorheological fluids in recent years has increased the...
129 citations