Topic
Smoothelin
About: Smoothelin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 264 publications have been published within this topic receiving 14069 citations.
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TL;DR: A subcutaneous tumor in the left inguinal region was present in an 11-year-old female bloodhound and it was composed of spindle-shaped, elongated, and stellate neoplastic cells accompanied by occasional giant cells arranged in fascicular, herringbone, or irregular storiform patterns with abundant production of collagen fibers.
Abstract: A subcutaneous tumor in the left inguinal region was present in an 11-year-old female bloodhound. Histopathologically, the tumor showed invasive growth and extensive necroses, and it was composed of spindle-shaped, elongated, and stellate neoplastic cells accompanied by occasional giant cells arranged in fascicular, herringbone, or irregular storiform patterns with abundant production of collagen fibers. The cytoplasm of most tumor cells was positive for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and calponin, but was negative for desmin, smoothelin, and S-100. Furthermore, most of the tumor cells were negative for Iba1 while some tumor cells were weakly positive. Thus, this tumor was diagnosed as a high-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma according to the diagnostic criteria for human myofibroblastic sarcomas.
6 citations
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TL;DR: To explore whether autophagy plays a role in the remodeling of bladder smooth muscle cells in children with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), the effect of autophagic in NLUTD in the paediatric population is investigated.
Abstract: AIMS
To explore whether autophagy plays a role in the remodeling of bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in children with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), we investigated the effect of autophagy in NLUTD in the paediatric population.
METHODS
Bladder biopsies were taken from children with NLUTD and healthy donors as controls. Samples were labeled with the SMC markers calponin, smoothelin, and the autophagy proteins LC3, ATG5, and Beclin1. The contractile ability of bladder derived SMCs was investigated.
RESULTS
ATG5 gene and protein was upregulated in NLUTD muscle tissue compared to normal bladder. NLUTD muscle exhibited a punctated immunostaining pattern for LC3 in a subset of the SMCs, confirming the accumulation of autophagosomes. Pronounced elevation of ATG5 in the SMC in NLUTD tissue was associated with a downregulation of the key contractile proteins smoothelin and calponin. Pharmacological blocking of autophagy completely stopped the cells growth in normal bladder SMCs. Inhibition of autophagy in the NLUTD SMCs, with already elevated levels of ATG5, resulted in a reduction of ATG5 protein expression to the basal level found in normal controls.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that autophagy is an important factor affecting the remodeling of SMCs and the alteration of functionality in bladder smooth muscle tissue in the NLUTD. Since autophagy can be influenced by oral medication, this finding might lead to novel strategies preventing the deterioration of NLUTD muscle.
6 citations
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TL;DR: The results suggest the regional-dependent adaptation of the glycocalyx in simulated microgravity condition, which may affect its mechanotransduction of shear stress to regulate the contractility of the smooth muscle, finally contributing to postspaceflight orthostatic intolerance.
Abstract: The glycocalyx is a key mechanosensor on the surfaces of vascular cells (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells), and recently, we reported that the redistribution of the hemodynamic factors in tail-suspended (TS) hindlimb-unloaded rats induces the dimensional adaptation of the endothelial glycocalyx in a regional-dependent manner. In the present study, we investigated the coverage and gene expression of the glycocalyx and its possible relationship with smooth muscle contractility in the conduit arteries from the TS rats. The coverage of the glycocalyx, determined by the area analysis of the fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-FITC) staining to the cryosections of rat vessels, showed a 27.2% increase in the common carotid artery, a 13.3 and 8.0% decrease in the corresponding abdominal aorta and the femoral artery after 3 wk of tail suspension. The relative mRNA levels of syndecan-2, 3, 4, glypican-1, smooth muscle protein 22 (SM22), smoothelin (SMTN), and calponin were enhanced to 1.40, 1.53, 1.70, 1.90, 2.93, 2.30, and 5.23-fold, respectively, in the common carotid artery of the TS rat. However, both glycocalyx-related genes and smooth muscle contractile apparatus were totally or partially downregulated in the abdominal aorta and femoral artery of the TS rat. A linear positive correlation between the normalized coverage of glycocalyx and normalized mRNA levels of SM22, SMTN, and calponin exists. These results suggest the regional-dependent adaptation of the glycocalyx in simulated microgravity condition, which may affect its mechanotransduction of shear stress to regulate the contractility of the smooth muscle, finally contributing to postspaceflight orthostatic intolerance.
6 citations
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TL;DR: It is confirmed that the haplotype constructed using rs5997872, rs56095120, rs9621187, and rs10304 is a useful genetic marker of MI in Japanese females.
Abstract: Objectives: Smoothelin is a specific kind of cytoskeletal protein present in smooth muscle cells. Some researchers have shown the relationship between smoothelin and atherosclerotic plaque. The human SMTN gene encodes smoothelin-A and smoothelin-B. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the human SMTN gene and myocardial infarction (MI) using a haplotype-based case–control study. Methods: A total of 227 MI patients and 257 supercontrols were genotyped for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms used as genetic markers of the human smoothelin gene. Data were analyzed for three separate groups: total subjects, men, and women. Results: For the women, the frequency of the C-T-T-G haplotype (established by rs5997872, rs56095120, rs9621187, and rs10304) was significantly higher in the MI group than in the control group (p=0.012). Conclusions: We confirmed that the haplotype constructed using rs5997872, rs56095120, rs9621187, and rs10304 is a useful genetic marker of MI in Japanese females.
6 citations
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TL;DR: A study assessing the utility of Smoothelin immunostaining in distinguishing muscularis mucosa (MM) from muscularis propria (MP) in 103 urinary bladder specimens, including 90 TURBTS and 13 cystectomies (results yet to be published).
Abstract: Dear Editor, In response to the article by Lindh et al. [1] in which they have discussed the utility of Smoothelin and have concluded that Smoothelin should be used cautiously, we would like to share our experience on the usefulness of Smoothelin staining. We performed a study assessing the utility of Smoothelin immunostaining in distinguishing muscularis mucosa (MM) from muscularis propria (MP) in 103 urinary bladder specimens, including 90 TURBTS and 13 cystectomies (results yet to be published). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the Dako Autostainer Plus platform (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) in order to validate the anti-Smoothelin primary antibody (clone R4A; Menarini Diagnostics, Wokingham, UK) for purposes of our study. Heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) was performed using the Dako PT link (Dako). Sections were incubated in the appropriate antigen retrieval buffer for 20 min at 97°C and were then allowed to cool to 65°C before transferring to distilled water. Two antigen retrieval buffers were used to establish the optimal HIER protocol. These HIER buffers were as follows:
6 citations