Showing papers on "Social change published in 2019"
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The distinction between political and non-political spheres of social life is becoming blurred as mentioned in this paper and the delineation between "political" and "private" concerns and modes of action are becoming blurred.
Abstract: Political sociologists and political scientists who analyze Western European politics have made it a commonplace since the 1970s to emphasize the fusion of political and nonpolitical spheres of social life. They have seriously questioned the usefulness of the conventional dichotomy of “state” and “civil society.” Processes of fusion are evident not only on the level of global sociopolitical arrangements, but also among citizens as elementary political actors. The delineation between “political” and “private” (in other words, moral or economic concerns and modes of action) is becoming blurred.
706 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a special issue focusing on the management, development, and implementation of universities seeking to become more entrepreneurial has been published, with the authors solicited original research on the strategic challenges that these universities currently encounter.
220 citations
Book•
05 Jul 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the long-lived imprint of the Tokugawa Regime on the Japanese and Japan's history, focusing on the social, economic, and cultural transformations.
Abstract: Maps, Tables, and Figures Preface Introduction: Enduring Imprints on the Longer Past Part 1: Crisis of the Tokugawa Regime 1. The Tokugawa Polity Unification The Tokugawa Political Settlements The Daimy? The Imperial Institution The Samurai Villagers and City-Dwellers The Margins of the Japanese and Japan 2. Social and Economic Transformations The Seventeenth-Century Boom Riddles of Stagnation and Vitality 3. The Intellectual World of Late Tokugawa Ideological Foundations of the Tokugawa Regime Cultural Diversity and Contradictions Reform, Critiques, and Insurgent Ideas 4. The Overthrow of the Tokugawa The Western Powers and the Unequal Treaties The Crumbling of Tokugawa Rule Politics of Terror and Accomodation Bakufu Revival, the Satsuma-Ch?sh? Insurgency, and Domestic Unrest Part 2: Modern Revolution, 1868-1905 5. The Samurai Revolution Programs of Nationalist Revolution Political Unification and Central Bureaucracy Eliminating the Status System The Conscript Army Compulsory Education The Monarch at the Center Building a Rich Country Stances toward the World 6. Participation and Protest Political Discourse and Contention Movement for Freedom and People's Rights Samurai Rebellions, Peasant Uprisings, and New Religions Participation for Women Treaty Revision and Domestic Politics The Meiji Constitution 7. Social, Economic, and Cultural Transformations Landlords and Tenants Industrial Revolution The Work Force and Labor Conditions Spread of Mass and Higher Education Culture and Religion Affirming Japanese Identity and Destiny 8. Empire and Domestic Order The Trajectory to Empire Contexts of Empire, Capitalism, and Nation-Building The Turbulent World of Diet Politics The Era of Popular Protest Engineering Nationalism Part 3: Imperial Japan From Ascendance to Ashes 9. Economy and Society Wartime Boom and Postwar Bust Landlords, Tenants, and Rural Life City Life: Middle and Working Classes Cultural Responses to Social Change 10. Democracy and Empire between the World Wars The Emergence of Party Cabinets The Structure of Parliamentary Government Ideological Challenges Strategies of Imperial Democratic Rule Japan, Asia, and the Western Powers 11. The Depression Crisis and Responses Economic and Social Crisis Breaking the Impasse: New Departures Abroad Toward a New Social Economic Order Toward a New Political Order 12. Japan in Wartime Wider War in China Toward Pearl Harbor The Pacific War Mobilizing for Total War Living in the Shadow of War Ending the War Burdens and Legacies of War 13. Occupied Japan: New Departures and Durable Structures Bearing the Unbearable The American Agenda: Demilitarize and Democratize Japanese Responses The Reverse Course Toward Recovery and Independence: Another Unequal Treaty? Part 4: Postwar and Contemporary Japan, 1952-2000 14. Economic and Social Transformations The Postwar "Economic Miracle" Transwar Patterns of Community, Family, School, and Work Shared Experiences and Standardized Lifeways of the Postwar Era Differences Enduring and Realigned Managing Social Stability and Change Images and Ideologies of Social Stability and Change 15. Political Struggles and Settlements of the High-Growth Era Political Struggles The Politics of Accommodation Global Connections: Oil Crisis and the End of High Growth 16. Global Power in a Polarized World: Japan in the 1980s New Roles in the World and New Tensions Economy: Thriving Through the Oil Crises Politics: The Conservative Heyday Society and Culture in the Exuberant Eighties 17. Japan's "Lost Decades": 1989-2008 The End of Showa The Specter of a Divided Society Economy of the "Lost Decade" The Fall and Rise of the Liberal Democratic Party Assessing Reforms, Explaining Recovery Between Asia and the West Ongoing Presence of the Past 18. Shock, Disaster and Aftermath: Japan since 2008 The Lehman Shock Politics of Hope and Disillusionment Making Sense of the Perception of Decline The Disasters of 3.11 and Aftermath
219 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the relationship between school climate and children's academic and social development in the early elementary school years, controlling for maternal education in early elementary schools, and found that school climate had a significant impact on children's development.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between school climate and children's academic and social development in the early elementary school years, controlling for maternal ed...
191 citations
Dissertation•
31 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This article explored the mutable ways in which child sexual abuse has been represented or spoken about in Britain, particularly in popular media forms. But they focused on three case studies between the years 1965 and 1991, and concluded that historical investigation is a form of speaking about speaking.
Abstract: Focusing on three case studies between the years 1965 and 1991, this thesis explores the mutable ways in which child sexual abuse has been represented – or spoken about – in Britain, particularly in popular media forms. Drawing on historian Frank Ankersmit’s observation that historical investigation is a form of “speaking about speaking”, it paints a picture of representational, attitudinal and social change over time, clarifies definitional forms relating to childhood, attraction, and abuse, and examines the deeply historical tropes inherent in present-day inquiries into abuse. An analysis of the Moors murders trial shows that discussions about
sexual attraction to children did exist, but were often couched in heavily coded, indirect ways. By the 1970s, this was changing: ‘paedophilia’ was discussed more commonly not only in medicine and academia, which had historically been its domains, but also in the popular press and in governmental debates. I argue that it was angst about the Paedophile Information Exchange (PIE) that shaped subsequent cultural constructs of the ‘paedophile’ in Britain. The final case study on the Cleveland child sexual abuse crisis reveals the employment of increasingly direct terminology in the 1980s, although allusive, metonymical forms and displacements persisted and were entrenched amidst deep moral and social concern for the child. The thesis concludes by using the figure of Jimmy Savile as a means of thinking about a wider debate on the relationship
between anachronism and abuse. The study argues that historical debate about child sexual abuse needs to
move further from stark notions of historical absence and silence, and towards a heightened awareness of historical ‘speaking’, in all its complex narrative forms.
128 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of social entrepreneurship in triggering social change and attaining sustainable development is highlighted, and a systematic review of the existing literature is conducted by analyzing and reviewing 173 research papers from the Web of Science database.
Abstract: Social entrepreneurship has been recognized as a tool to attain sustainable development. This paper highlights the role of social entrepreneurship in triggering social change and attaining sustainable development. The paper contributes significantly to the existing literature by conducting a systematic review of extant works. To this end, we analyzed and reviewed 173 research papers from the Web of Science database. The results are presented in the form of descriptive findings and thematic discussion. The paper concludes by setting up the agenda for future researchers in the field.
112 citations
Book•
18 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a book called "Participatory Research for Health and Social Well-Being", which is an essential textbook designed to be accessible for people starting out doing participatory research.
Abstract: Participatory Research for Health and Social Well-Being is an essential textbook designed to be accessible for people starting out doing participatory research. It is a practical guide to help readers become familiar with research for social change and wellbeing. The chapters cover all phases of the research process from its initiation to the creation of social change and impact. The book is intended for a range of readers, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, doctoral readers, academics and practitioners in the fields of health and social welfare. It will be useful in generic introductory courses in research methods, specialist participatory research courses, PhD programmes and education and training for community based workers.
105 citations
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the experiences of Vietnam following the economic reform, known as Doimoi, to study urbanization, economic development, and environmental and social changes in transitional economies at multi-scales.
98 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this literature review was to compile an overview of the social benefits and costs associated with outdoor sports within the academic literature and to reflect on the quality of underlying evidence that supports the relationship.
Abstract: The combination of physical activity and being in nature is recognized as providing a range of significant benefits. The objective of this literature review was to compile an overview of the social benefits and costs associated with outdoor sports within the academic literature and to reflect on the quality of underlying evidence that supports the relationship. A systematic review was carried out with seven partners from different European countries, including Bulgaria, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. From a total of 17,560 studies identified, 133 studies were selected with relevant data extracted to standardized forms. The selected studies have been analyzed with qualitative research methods. A meta-analysis could not be conducted due to the heterogeneity of the study designs and outcome measures. As a result, the review gives an overview of the social impacts associated with outdoor sports which have been clustered to six broad categories: physical health, mental health and wellbeing, education and lifelong learning, active citizenship, crime reduction, and anti-social behavior, as well as additional benefits. The review furthermore revealed gaps in the evidence base which are especially notable in the long-term effects that outdoor sports can have on personal and social development.
97 citations
TL;DR: This paper addresses the question of whether gender gaps at younger ages tend to narrow in late life, due to the many biological and social changes that occur in old age.
Abstract: Maintaining health and quality of life and decreasing the number of years lived with disabilities in old age are among the main challenges of aging societies worldwide. This paper aims to present current worldwide health-related gender inequalities throughout life, and especially in late life, as well as gender gaps in social and personal resources which affect health, functioning and well-being. This paper also addresses the question of whether gender gaps at younger ages tend to narrow in late life, due to the many biological and social changes that occur in old age. Based on international data regarding these gender gaps and the trends of change in personal resources and health-related lifestyles in the more and less developed nations, conclusions regarding future changes in gender gaps are presented, along with practical implications for future improvements in women's health and well-being.
TL;DR: A review of the existing literature on school-aged children's and youth's personal and social development within the context of physical education can be found in this article, where the authors provide an overview of existing literature.
Abstract: This review provides an overview of the existing literature on school-aged children’s and youth’s (i.e. 6- to 18-year-olds) personal and social development within the context of physical education ...
TL;DR: This article analyzed how anti-plastic pollution social entrepreneurs use multimodal (visual and verbal) interactions to influence their targets and promote their cause, and found that these social entrepreneurs used what they call emotion-symbolic work, which involved using visuals and words to elicit negative emotions through moral shock, and then transforming those emotions into emotional energy for enactment.
Abstract: We know little about how social entrepreneurs try to induce enactment of their cause, especially when this cause is difficult to embrace. Through a longitudinal study, we analyze how anti-plastic pollution social entrepreneurs use multimodal (visual and verbal) interactions to influence their targets and promote their cause. Our findings reveal that these social entrepreneurs used what we call emotion-symbolic work, which involved using visuals and words to elicit negative emotions through moral shock, and then transforming those emotions into emotional energy for enactment. The emotional transformation process entailed connecting target actors to a cause, a collective identity and the social entrepreneurs themselves. The exploration of emotion-symbolic work offers new ways of seeing by emphasizing the use of multimodal interactions to affect emotions in efforts to influence target actors to enact a cause.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explain why nations produce science advances and new technology that generate economic and social change by individuals who seek out novelty and challenges, to explore, to learn and to achieve goals within efficient organizations in line with national interests.
04 Jun 2019
TL;DR: Theories of social change imply the demise of ethnic competition as discussed by the authors, which is a major contribution of the study of African politics is to document the falseness of this prediction, both empirically and intellectually.
Abstract: Theories of modernization imply the demise of ethnic competition. This is true of sociological theories, in which specific, differentiated, "rational" interests are held to displace generalized, diffuse, "primordial" ties. Despite the predictions of these theories of social change, ethnic competition strongly endures. It is a feature of politics even in the most modern of nation-states. Theories of social change predict the demise of ethnic grouping. A major contribution of the study of African politics is to document the falseness of this prediction. Modernization and ethnic conflict do intersect, both empirically and intellectually. Ethnic groups should be distinguished from tribal groups, and the origins and dynamics of the former should be considered independently of what is known and asserted about traditional political behavior in Africa. Ethnic groups persist largely because of their capacity to extract goods and services from the modern sector and thereby satisfy the demands of their members.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus effort on delivery of solutions designed to change systemic environme-... and social change is complex and frequently is framed as a problem(s) to be solved.
Abstract: Environmental, health, and social change is complex and frequently is framed as a problem(s) to be solved. This framing focuses effort on delivery of solutions designed to change systemic environme...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on different notions of agency deriving from various feminist traditions to underscore possibilities for engaging in such change and suggest that a collectivist approach to agency is necessary for gender system change.
Abstract: In the midst of the #MeToo movement sweeping across different societies, what opportunities and challenges exist for changing extant gender structures and systems that have allowed for sexual harassment and assault to take shape? Such a discussion provokes questions around what kinds of feminisms, both as philosophical traditions and as a set of praxis/practices, enable societal and organizational change. This article focuses explicitly on different notions of agency deriving from various feminist traditions to underscore possibilities for engaging in such change. Borrowing from intersectional, decolonial, postcolonial and transnational feminist perspectives, I suggest that a collectivist approach to agency is necessary for gender system change. I coin collective feminism as a way to conceptualize agency that only becomes possible through the work of many and then discuss this mode of feminism in relation to empowerment and social change toward gender equality.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors unpack four types of institutional challenges to social entrepreneurship, as perceived by social entrepreneurs: norms of a strong role for government; misunderstood or unknown role for social enterprises; non-supportive rules and regulations; and lack of socio-cultural values and beliefs in support of social goals.
Abstract: We investigate the research question: Why are there very few social enterprises in China? Our findings unpack four types of institutional challenges to social entrepreneurship, as perceived by social entrepreneurs: norms of a strong role for government; misunderstood or unknown role for social enterprises; non-supportive rules and regulations; and lack of socio-cultural values and beliefs in support of social goals. We contribute to the literature on social enterprises by showing how an institutional environment may be “non-munificent,” i.e., non-supportive for the existence of social enterprises and their goals, and we thus address the need for more attention to the institutional environment in which social entrepreneurship takes place. Further, by using Q-methodology on 42 social entrepreneurs along with illustrative qualitative data from interviews, we address the need to go beyond anecdotal case studies and introduce methodological plurality in social entrepreneurship research. Finally, our findings on institutional challenges provide us with an opportunity to discuss how social entrepreneurs may engage with purposive activities to overcome such challenges, leading us to initiate a conversation between the social entrepreneurship and institutional work literatures.
TL;DR: There is a developmental collision between normative adolescent developmental processes and sexual minority youth identities and visibility, and recent evidence from the developmental sciences points to paradoxical findings.
Abstract: Few societal attitudes and opinions have changed as quickly as those regarding sexual minority people and rights. In the context of dramatic social change in the space of a single generation, there have been multiple policy changes toward social inclusion and rights for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, and perceptions that the sociocultural context for LGB people - perhaps particularly for youth - has improved. Yet recent evidence from the developmental sciences points to paradoxical findings: in many cases there have been growing rather than shrinking health disparities. In light of swift sociocultural changes, combined with emergent findings regarding the health and wellbeing of sexual minority youth, we suggest that there is a developmental collision between normative adolescent developmental processes and sexual minority youth identities and visibility. The result is a new reality for sexual minority youth health and disparities.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a critical analysis of barriers to social inclusion and integration in schools and propose inclusive educational practices that help connect and unite diverse communities in the curriculum, and propose a set of educational practices to integrate and connect diverse communities.
Abstract: The goal of this article is to provide a critical analysis of barriers to social inclusion and integration in schools and propose inclusive educational practices that help connect and unite diverse...
TL;DR: Social and emotional learning (SEL) as mentioned in this paper is the process of integrating cognition, emotion, and behavior in our lives, and it involves systemic practices to incorporate SEL into leading, leading, and learning.
Abstract: Social and emotional learning (SEL) is the process of integrating cognition, emotion, and behavior in our lives. In school settings, it involves systemic practices to incorporate SEL into leading, ...
Book•
02 May 2019TL;DR: Social Change in a Material World as mentioned in this paper proposes a new, practice theoretical account of social change and its explanation and argues that chains of activity combine with material events and processes to cause social changes, and stresses the significance of the material dimension of society for the constitution, determination, and explanation of social phenomena.
Abstract: Social Change in a Material World offers a new, practice theoretical account of social change and its explanation. Extending the author’s earlier account of social life, and drawing on general ideas about events, processes, and change, the book conceptualizes social changes as configurations of significant differences in bundles of practices and material arrangements. Illustrated with examples from the history of bourbon distillation and the formation and evolution of digitally-mediated associations in contemporary life, the book argues that chains of activity combine with material events and processes to cause social changes. The book thereby stresses the significance of the material dimension of society for the constitution, determination, and explanation of social phenomena, as well as the types of space needed to understand them. The book also challenges the explanatory significance of such key phenomena as power, dependence, relations, mechanisms, and individual behavior. As such, it will appeal to sociologists, geographers, organization studies scholars, and others interested in social life and social change.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper articulates four paths forward as modalities that leverage the particular strengths of computational work in the service of social change, without overclaiming computing's capacity to solve social problems on its own.
Abstract: A recent normative turn in computer science has brought concerns about fairness, bias, and accountability to the core of the field. Yet recent scholarship has warned that much of this technical work treats problematic features of the status quo as fixed, and fails to address deeper patterns of injustice and inequality. While acknowledging these critiques, we posit that computational research has valuable roles to play in addressing social problems — roles whose value can be recognized even from a perspective that aspires toward fundamental social change. In this paper, we articulate four such roles, through an analysis that considers the opportunities as well as the significant risks inherent in such work. Computing research can serve as a diagnostic, helping us to understand and measure social problems with precision and clarity. As a formalizer, computing shapes how social problems are explicitly defined — changing how those problems, and possible responses to them, are understood. Computing serves as rebuttal when it illuminates the boundaries of what is possible through technical means. And computing acts as synecdoche when it makes long-standing social problems newly salient in the public eye. We offer these paths forward as modalities that leverage the particular strengths of computational work in the service of social change, without overclaiming computing’s capacity to solve social problems on its own.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of stakeholder relationships in supporting the process of social innovation within social enterprises is examined based on insights from both in-depth interviews and a quantitative empirical study of social enterprises.
Abstract: Shifts in the philosophy of the “state” and a growing emphasis on the “Big Society” have placed an increasing onus on a newly emerging organizational form, social enterprises, to deliver innovative solutions to ease societal issues However, the question of how social enterprises manage the process of social innovation remains largely unexplored Based on insights from both in-depth interviews and a quantitative empirical study of social enterprises, this research examines the role of stakeholder relationships in supporting the process of social innovation within social enterprises We find that social enterprises are adept at working with their stakeholders in the ideation stage of social innovation In contrast, they often fail to harness knowledge and expertise from their partners during the social innovation implementation phase Consequently, we propose a social innovation–stakeholder relationship matrix that provides social enterprises in particular with insight for developing stakeholder relationships to achieve their social innovation missions
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the opportunity to learn in consequential ways are shaped by the historicized injustices students encounter in relation to participation in STEM and schooling, and that the...
Abstract: Opportunities to learn in consequential ways are shaped by the historicized injustices students encounter in relation to participation in STEM and schooling. In this article, it is argued that the ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss two parallel but distinct subfields of marketing that share common interests (enhancing consumers' lives and improving well-being): social marketing and transformative service research) and suggest three opportunities to propel both fields forward: 1) breaking boundaries that inhibit research progress, which includes collaboration between public, private and nonprofit sectors to improve wellbeing; 2) adopting more customer-oriented approaches that go beyond the organizational and individual levels; and 3) taking a nonlinear approach to theory development that innovates and co-creates solutions.
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss two parallel but distinct subfields of marketing that share common interests (enhancing consumers’ lives and improving well-being): social marketing and transformative service research. The authors also suggest a research agenda. Design/methodology/approach: The paper offers a conceptual approach and research agenda by comparing and contrasting the two marketing fields of transformative service research and social marketing. Findings: Specifically, this paper proposes three opportunities to propel both fields forward: 1) breaking boundaries that inhibit research progress, which includes collaboration between public, private and nonprofit sectors to improve well-being; 2) adopting more customer-oriented approaches that go beyond the organizational and individual levels; and 3) taking a non-linear approach to theory development that innovates and co-creates solutions. Originality/value: This paper presents the challenges and structural barriers for two subfields seeking to improve human well-being. This paper is the first to bring these subfields together and propose a way for them to move forward together.
TL;DR: This paper explored how and why ideas regarding "intersectional" approaches to feminism and Black activism are drawn on in marketing content related to the concept of being "woke" (invested in addressing social injustices).
Abstract: Purpose This paper aims to explore how and why ideas regarding “intersectional” approaches to feminism and Black activism are drawn on in marketing content related to the concept of being “woke” (invested in addressing social injustices). It considers which subject positions are represented as part of this and what they reveal about contemporary issues concerning advertising, gender, race and activism. Design/methodology/approach This study involves an interpretive and critical discursive analysis of so-called feminist advertising (“femvertising”) and marketing examples that make use of Black social justice activist ideas. Findings Findings illuminate how marketing simultaneously enables the visibility and erasure of “intersectional”, feminist and Black social justice activist issues, with the use of key racialised and gendered subject positions: White Saviour, Black Excellence, Strong Black Woman (and Mother) and “Woke” Change Agent. Research limitations/implications This research signals how brands (mis)use issues concerning commercialised notions of feminism, equality and Black social justice activism as part of marketing that flattens and reframes liberationist politics while upholding the neoliberal idea that achievement and social change requires individual ambition and consumption rather than structural shifts and resistance. Practical implications This work can aid the development of advertising standards regulatory approaches which account for nuances of stereotypical representations and marketing’s connection to intersecting issues regarding racism and sexism. Originality/value This research outlines a conceptualisation of the branding of “woke” bravery, which expands our understanding of the interdependency of issues related to race, gender, feminism, activism and marketing. It highlights marketing responses to recent socio-political times, which are influenced by public discourse concerning movements, including Black Lives Matter and Me Too.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed research on inequality and social stratification in China since the mid-1990s, going beyond the theoretical framework of the market transition debate, research in the field has been broad and diverse.
Abstract: This article reviews research on inequality and social stratification in China since the mid-1990s. Going beyond the theoretical framework of the market transition debate, research in the field has...